3  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Mali 
  n  :  a  landlocked  republic  in  Western  Africa  [syn:  {Mali},  {French 
  Sudan}] 
 
  From  The  Free  On-line  Dictionary  of  Computing  (13  Mar  01)  [foldoc]: 
 
  MALI 
 
  A  hardware  memory  device  for  {logic  programming}  computers 
  with  {real  time}  {garbage  collection}. 
 
 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Mali 
 
  Mali:Geography 
 
  Location:  Western  Africa,  southwest  of  Algeria 
 
  Map  references:  Africa 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  1.24  million  sq  km 
  land  area:  1.22  million  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  less  than  twice  the  size  of  Texas 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  7,243  km  Algeria  1,376  km  Burkina  1,000  km 
  Guinea  858  km  Cote  d'Ivoire  532  km  Mauritania  2,237  km  Niger  821 
  km  Senegal  419  km 
 
  Coastline:  0  km  (landlocked) 
 
  Maritime  claims:  none;  landlocked 
 
  International  disputes:  the  disputed  international  boundary  between 
  Burkina  and  Mali  was  submitted  to  the  International  Court  of  Justice 
  (ICJ)  in  October  1983  and  the  ICJ  issued  its  final  ruling  in  December 
  1986,  which  both  sides  agreed  to  accept  Burkina  and  Mali  are 
  proceeding  with  boundary  demarcation,  including  the  tripoint  with 
  Niger 
 
  Climate:  subtropical  to  arid;  hot  and  dry  February  to  June;  rainy, 
  humid,  and  mild  June  to  November;  cool  and  dry  November  to  February 
 
  Terrain:  mostly  flat  to  rolling  northern  plains  covered  by  sand; 
  savanna  in  south,  rugged  hills  in  northeast 
 
  Natural  resources:  gold,  phosphates,  kaolin,  salt,  limestone,  uranium, 
  bauxite,  iron  ore,  manganese,  tin,  and  copper  deposits  are  known  but 
  not  exploited 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  2% 
  permanent  crops:  0% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  25% 
  forest  and  woodland:  7% 
  other:  66% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  50  sq  km  (1989  est.) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  deforestation;  soil  erosion;  desertification 
  inadequate  supplies  of  potable  water;  poaching 
  natural  hazards:  hot,  dust-laden  harmattan  haze  common  during  dry 
  seasons;  recurring  droughts 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Climate  Change,  Desertification 
  Endangered  Species,  Law  of  the  Sea,  Ozone  Layer  Protection,  Wetlands; 
  signed,  but  not  ratified  -  Biodiversity,  Nuclear  Test  Ban 
 
  Note:  landlocked 
 
  Mali:People 
 
  Population:  9,375,132  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  48%  (female  2,240,565;  male  2,242,373) 
  15-64  years:  49%  (female  2,416,952;  male  2,165,043) 
  65  years  and  over:  3%  (female  162,234;  male  147,965)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  2.89%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  51.88  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  19.93  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  -3  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  104.5  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  46.37  years 
  male:  44.7  years 
  female:  48.09  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  7.33  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Malian(s) 
  adjective:  Malian 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Mande  50%  (Bambara,  Malinke  Sarakole),  Peul  17%, 
  Voltaic  12%,  Songhai  6%,  Tuareg  and  Moor  10%,  other  5% 
 
  Religions:  Muslim  90%,  indigenous  beliefs  9%,  Christian  1% 
 
  Languages:  French  (official),  Bambara  80%,  numerous  African  languages 
 
  Literacy:  age  6  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1988) 
  total  population:  19% 
  male:  27% 
  female:  12% 
 
  Labor  force:  2.666  million  (1986  est.) 
  by  occupation:  agriculture  80%,  services  19%,  industry  and  commerce  1% 
  (1981) 
 
  Mali:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Republic  of  Mali 
  conventional  short  form:  Mali 
  local  long  form:  Republique  de  Mali 
  local  short  form:  Mali 
  former:  French  Sudan 
 
  Digraph:  ML 
 
  Type:  republic 
 
  Capital:  Bamako 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  8  regions  (regions,  singular  -  region);  Gao, 
  Kayes,  Kidal,  Koulikoro  Mopti  Segou,  Sikasso  Tombouctou 
 
  Independence:  22  September  1960  (from  France) 
 
  National  holiday:  Anniversary  of  the  Proclamation  of  the  Republic,  22 
  September  (1960) 
 
  Constitution:  adopted  12  January  1992 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  French  civil  law  system  and  customary  law; 
  judicial  review  of  legislative  acts  in  Constitutional  Court  (which  was 
  formally  established  on  9  March  1994);  has  not  accepted  compulsory  ICJ 
  jurisdiction 
 
  Suffrage:  21  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  President  Alpha  Oumar  KONARE  (since  8  June  1992); 
  election  last  held  in  April  1992  (next  to  be  held  April  1997);  Alpha 
  KONARE  was  elected  in  runoff  race  against  Montaga  TALL 
  head  of  government:  Prime  Minister  Ibrahima  Boubacar  KEITA  (since 
  March  1994) 
  cabinet:  Council  of  Ministers;  appointed  by  the  prime  minister 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  National  Assembly:  elections  last  held  on  8  March  1992  (next  to  be 
  held  February  1997);  results  -  percent  of  vote  by  party  NA  seats  - 
  (116  total)  Adema  76,  CNID  9,  US/RAD  8,  Popular  Movement  for  the 
  Development  of  the  Republic  of  West  Africa  6,  RDP  4,  UDD  4,  RDT  3, 
  UFDP  3,  PDP  2,  UMDD  1 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  Court  (Cour  Supreme) 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Association  for  Democracy  (Adema), 
  Ibrahim  Baubacar  KEITA;  National  Congress  for  Democratic  Initiative 
  (CNID),  Mountaga  TALL;  Sudanese  Union/African  Democratic  Rally 
  (US/RDA),  Mamadou  Madeira  KEITA;  Popular  Movement  for  the  Development 
  of  the  Republic  of  West  Africa;  Rally  for  Democracy  and  Progress 
  (RDP),  Almamy  SYLLA;  Union  for  Democracy  and  Development  (UDD),  Moussa 
  Balla  COULIBALY  Rally  for  Democracy  and  Labor  (RDT);  Union  of 
  Democratic  Forces  for  Progress  (UFDP),  Dembo  DIALLO;  Party  for 
  Democracy  and  Progress  (PDP),  Idrissa  TRAORE  Malian  Union  for 
  Democracy  and  Development  (UMDD) 
 
  Member  of:  ACCT,  ACP,  AfDB  CCC,  CEAO,  ECA,  ECOWAS  FAO,  FZ  G-77, 
  GATT,  IAEA,  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICFTU  ICRM,  IDA,  IDB,  IFAD,  IFC,  IFRCS  ILO, 
  IMF,  INTELSAT,  INTERPOL,  IOC,  ITU,  NAM,  OAU,  OIC,  UN  UNAMIR  UNCTAD 
  UNESCO,  UNIDO  UPU,  WADB,  WCL,  WFTU  WHO  WIPO,  WMO,  WTO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Ibrahim  Siragatou  CISSE 
  chancery:  2130  R  Street  NW  Washington,  DC  20008 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  332-2249,  939-8950 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  (vacant)  (Ambassador  William  H.  DAMERON  III  retired 
  March  1995) 
  embassy:  Rue  Rochester  NY  and  Rue  Mohamed  V,  Bamako 
  mailing  address:  B.  P.  34,  Bamako 
  telephone:  [223]  22  54  70 
  FAX:  [223]  22  37  12 
 
  Flag:  three  equal  vertical  bands  of  green  (hoist  side),  yellow,  and 
  red;  uses  the  popular  pan-African  colors  of  Ethiopia 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Mali  is  among  the  poorest  countries  in  the  world,  with  65% 
  of  its  land  area  desert  or  semidesert.  Economic  activity  is  largely 
  confined  to  the  riverine  area  irrigated  by  the  Niger.  About  10%  of  the 
  population  is  nomadic  and  some  80%  of  the  labor  force  is  engaged  in 
  agriculture  and  fishing.  Industrial  activity  is  concentrated  on 
  processing  farm  commodities.  The  economy  is  beginning  to  turn  around 
  after  contracting  through  1992-93,  largely  because  of  enhanced  exports 
  and  import  substitute  production  in  the  wake  of  the  50%  devaluation  of 
  January  1994.  Post-devaluation  inflation  appears  to  have  peaked  at  35% 
  in  1994  and  the  government  appears  to  be  keeping  on  track  with  its  IMF 
  structural  adjustment  program. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $5.4  billion  (1994 
  est.) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  2.4%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $600  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  35%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  NA% 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $376  million 
  expenditures:  $697  million,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
  (1992  est.) 
 
  Exports:  $415  million  (f.o.b.,  1993) 
  commodities:  cotton,  livestock,  gold 
  partners:  mostly  franc  zone  and  Western  Europe 
 
  Imports:  $842  million  (f.o.b.,  1993) 
  commodities:  machinery  and  equipment,  foodstuffs,  construction 
  materials,  petroleum,  textiles 
  partners:  mostly  franc  zone  and  Western  Europe 
 
  External  debt:  $2.6  billion  (1991  est.) 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  -1.4%  (1992  est.);  accounts  for 
  13.0%  of  GDP 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  90,000  kW 
  production:  310  million  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  33  kWh  (1993) 
 
  Industries:  minor  local  consumer  goods  production  and  food  processing, 
  construction,  phosphate  and  gold  mining 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  50%  of  GDP;  mostly  subsistence  farming; 
  cotton  and  livestock  products  account  for  over  70%  of  exports;  other 
  crops  -  millet,  rice,  corn,  vegetables,  peanuts;  livestock  -  cattle, 
  sheep,  goats 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  recipient:  US  commitments,  including  Ex-Im  (FY70-89),  $349  million; 
  Western  (non-US)  countries,  ODA  and  OOF  bilateral  commitments 
  (1970-89),  $3.02  billion;  OPEC  bilateral  aid  (1979-89),  $92  million; 
  Communist  countries  (1970-89),  $190  million 
 
  Currency:  1  CFA  franc  CFAF  =  100  centimes 
 
  Exchange  rates:  Communaute  Financiere  Africaine  francs  CFAF  per  US$1 
  -  529.43  (January  1995),  555.20  (1994),  283.16  (1993),  264.69  (1992), 
  282.11  (1991),  272.26  (1990) 
  note:  beginning  12  January  1994,  the  CFA  franc  was  devalued  to  CFAF 
  100  per  French  franc  from  CFAF  50  at  which  it  had  been  fixed  since 
  1948 
 
  Fiscal  year:  calendar  year 
 
  Mali:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  642  km  note  -  linked  to  Senegal's  rail  system  through  Kayes 
  narrow  gauge:  642  km  1.000-m  gauge 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  15,700  km 
  paved:  1,670  km 
  unpaved:  gravel,  improved  earth  3,670  km  unimproved  earth  10,360  km 
 
  Inland  waterways:  1,815  km  navigable 
 
  Ports:  Koulikoro 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  33 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  4 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  1 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  2 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  10 
  with  unpaved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  1 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  3 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  12 
 
  Mali:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  11,000  telephones;  domestic  system  poor  but 
  improving;  provides  only  minimal  service 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  microwave  radio  relay,  wire,  and  radio  communications 
  stations;  expansion  of  microwave  radio  relay  in  progress 
  international:  2  INTELSAT  (1  Atlantic  Ocean  and  1  Indian  Ocean)  earth 
  stations 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  2,  FM  2,  shortwave  0 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  2 
  televisions:  NA 
 
  Mali:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Army,  Air  Force,  Gendarmerie,  Republican  Guard,  National 
  Guard,  National  Police  (Surete  Nationale) 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  1,861,977;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  1,062,916  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  exchange  rate  conversion  -  $66  million,  2.2%  of 
  GDP  (1994) 
 
 
 

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