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svalbardmore about svalbard

svalbard


  2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Svalbard 
  n  :  a  Norwegian  archipelago  in  the  Arctic  Ocean  [syn:  {Svalbard}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Svalbard 
 
  (territory  of  Norway) 
 
  Svalbard:Geography 
 
  Location:  Northern  Europe,  islands  between  the  Arctic  Ocean,  Barents 
  Sea,  Greenland  Sea,  and  Norwegian  Sea,  north  of  Norway 
 
  Map  references:  Arctic  Region 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  62,049  sq  km 
  land  area:  62,049  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  smaller  than  West  Virginia 
  note:  includes  Spitsbergen  and  Bjornoya  (Bear  Island) 
 
  Land  boundaries:  0  km 
 
  Coastline:  3,587  km 
 
  Maritime  claims: 
  exclusive  fishing  zone:  200  nm  unilaterally  claimed  by  Norway  but  not 
  recognized  by  Russia 
  territorial  sea:  4  nm 
 
  International  disputes:  focus  of  maritime  boundary  dispute  in  the 
  Barents  Sea  between  Norway  and  Russia 
 
  Climate:  arctic,  tempered  by  warm  North  Atlantic  Current;  cool 
  summers,  cold  winters;  North  Atlantic  Current  flows  along  west  and 
  north  coasts  of  Spitsbergen,  keeping  water  open  and  navigable  most  of 
  the  year 
 
  Terrain:  wild,  rugged  mountains;  much  of  high  land  ice  covered;  west 
  coast  clear  of  ice  about  half  the  year;  fjords  along  west  and  north 
  coasts 
 
  Natural  resources:  coal,  copper,  iron  ore,  phosphate,  zinc,  wildlife, 
  fish 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  0% 
  permanent  crops:  0% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  0% 
  forest  and  woodland:  0% 
  other:  100%  (no  trees  and  the  only  bushes  are  crowberry  and 
  cloudberry) 
 
  Irrigated  land:  NA  sq  km 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  NA 
  natural  hazards:  ice  floes  often  block  up  the  entrance  to  Bellsund  (a 
  transit  point  for  coal  export)  on  the  west  coast  and  occasionally  make 
  parts  of  the  northeastern  coast  inaccessible  to  maritime  traffic 
  international  agreements:  NA 
 
  Note:  northernmost  part  of  the  Kingdom  of  Norway;  consists  of  nine 
  main  islands;  glaciers  and  snowfields  cover  60%  of  the  total  area 
 
  Svalbard:People 
 
  Population:  2,914  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  NA 
  15-64  years:  NA 
  65  years  and  over:  NA 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  -3.5%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  NA  births/1,000  population 
 
  Death  rate:  NA  deaths/1,000  population 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  NA  migrant(s)/1,000  population 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  NA  deaths/1,000  live  births 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  NA  years 
  male:  NA  years 
  female:  NA  years 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  NA  children  born/woman 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Russian  64%,  Norwegian  35%,  other  1%  (1981) 
 
  Languages:  Russian,  Norwegian 
 
  Labor  force:  NA 
 
  Svalbard:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  none 
  conventional  short  form:  Svalbard 
 
  Digraph:  SV 
 
  Type:  territory  of  Norway  administered  by  the  Ministry  of  Industry, 
  Oslo,  through  a  governor  sysselmann  residing  in  Longyearbyen 
  Spitsbergen;  by  treaty  (9  February  1920)  sovereignty  was  given  to 
  Norway 
 
  Capital:  Longyearbyen 
 
  Independence:  none  (territory  of  Norway) 
 
  National  holiday:  NA 
 
  Legal  system:  NA 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  Chief  of  State:  King  HARALD  V  (since  17  January  1991) 
  Head  of  Government:  Governor  Odd  BLOMDAL  (since  NA);  Assistant 
  Governor  Jan-Atle  HANSEN  (since  NA  September  1993) 
 
  Member  of:  none 
 
  Flag:  the  flag  of  Norway  is  used 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Coal  mining  is  the  major  economic  activity  on  Svalbard.  By 
  treaty  (9  February  1920),  the  nationals  of  the  treaty  powers  have 
  equal  rights  to  exploit  mineral  deposits,  subject  to  Norwegian 
  regulation.  Although  US  UK  Dutch,  and  Swedish  coal  companies  have 
  mined  in  the  past,  the  only  companies  still  mining  are  Norwegian  and 
  Russian.  The  settlements  on  Svalbard  are  essentially  company  towns. 
  The  Norwegian  state-owned  coal  company  employs  nearly  60%  of  the 
  Norwegian  population  on  the  island,  runs  many  of  the  local  services, 
  and  provides  most  of  the  local  infrastructure.  There  is  also  some 
  trapping  of  seal,  polar  bear,  fox,  and  walrus. 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $13.3  million 
  expenditures:  $13.3  million,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
  (1990  est.) 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  21,000  kW 
  production:  45  million  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  13,860  kWh  (1992) 
 
  Currency:  1  Norwegian  krone  (NKr)  =  100  oere 
 
  Exchange  rates:  Norwegian  kroner  (NKr)  per  US$1  -  6.7014  (January 
  1995),  7.0469  (1994),  7.0941  (1993),  6.2145  (1992),  6.4829  (1991), 
  6.2597  (1990) 
 
  Svalbard:Transportation 
 
  Railroads:  0  km 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  NA 
  paved:  NA 
  unpaved:  NA 
 
  Ports:  Barentsburg  Longyearbyen  Ny-Alesund,  Pyramiden 
 
  Merchant  marine:  none 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  4 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  1 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  3 
 
  Svalbard:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  NA  telephones;  local  telephone  service 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  NA 
  international:  satellite  communication  with  Norwegian  mainland 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  1,  FM  1  (repeaters  2),  shortwave  0 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  1 
  televisions:  NA 
 
  Note:  there  are  5  meteorological/radio  stations 
 
  Svalbard:Defense  Forces 
 
  Note:  demilitarized  by  treaty  (9  February  1920) 
 
 
 




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