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vietnammore about vietnam

vietnam


  2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Vietnam 
  n  :  a  republic  in  Indochina  on  the  South  China  Sea  [syn:  {Vietnam}, 
  {Viet  Nam},  {Annam}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Vietnam 
 
  Vietnam:Geography 
 
  Location:  Southeastern  Asia,  bordering  the  Gulf  of  Thailand,  Gulf  of 
  Tonkin,  and  South  China  Sea,  between  China  and  Cambodia 
 
  Map  references:  Southeast  Asia 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  329,560  sq  km 
  land  area:  325,360  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  larger  than  New  Mexico 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  3,818  km  Cambodia  982  km  China  1,281  km  Laos 
  1,555  km 
 
  Coastline:  3,444  km  (excludes  islands) 
 
  Maritime  claims: 
  contiguous  zone:  24  nm 
  continental  shelf:  200  nm  or  to  the  edge  of  the  continental  margin 
  exclusive  economic  zone:  200  nm 
  territorial  sea:  12  nm 
 
  International  disputes:  maritime  boundary  with  Cambodia  not  defined; 
  involved  in  a  complex  dispute  over  the  Spratly  Islands  with  China, 
  Malaysia,  Philippines,  Taiwan,  and  possibly  Brunei;  unresolved 
  maritime  boundary  with  Thailand;  maritime  boundary  dispute  with  China 
  in  the  Gulf  of  Tonkin;  Paracel  Islands  occupied  by  China  but  claimed 
  by  Vietnam  and  Taiwan 
 
  Climate:  tropical  in  south;  monsoonal  in  north  with  hot,  rainy  season 
  (mid-May  to  mid-September)  and  warm,  dry  season  (mid-October  to 
  mid-March) 
 
  Terrain:  low  flat  delta  in  south  and  north;  central  highlands;  hilly, 
  mountainous  in  far  north  and  northwest 
 
  Natural  resources:  phosphates,  coal,  manganese,  bauxite,  chromate, 
  offshore  oil  deposits,  forests 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  22% 
  permanent  crops:  2% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  1% 
  forest  and  woodland:  40% 
  other:  35% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  18,300  sq  km  (1989  est.) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  logging  and  slash-and-burn  agricultural  practices  are 
  contributing  to  deforestation;  soil  degradation;  water  pollution  and 
  overfishing  threatening  marine  life  populations;  inadequate  supplies 
  of  potable  water  because  of  groundwater  contamination 
  natural  hazards:  occasional  typhoons  (May  to  January)  with  extensive 
  flooding 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Biodiversity,  Climate  Change, 
  Endangered  Species,  Environmental  Modification,  Law  of  the  Sea,  Ozone 
  Layer  Protection,  Ship  Pollution,  Wetlands;  signed,  but  not  ratified  - 
  Nuclear  Test  Ban 
 
  Vietnam:People 
 
  Population:  74,393,324  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  36%  (female  13,225,916;  male  13,918,321) 
  15-64  years:  59%  (female  22,353,710;  male  21,223,739) 
  65  years  and  over:  5%  (female  2,236,453;  male  1,435,185)  (July  1995 
  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  1.71%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  26.25  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  7.6  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  -1.51  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  44.6  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  65.72  years 
  male:  63.66  years 
  female:  67.91  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  3.21  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Vietnamese  (singular  and  plural) 
  adjective:  Vietnamese 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Vietnamese  85%-90%,  Chinese  3%,  Muong,  Thai,  Meo, 
  Khmer,  Man,  Cham 
 
  Religions:  Buddhist,  Taoist,  Roman  Catholic,  indigenous  beliefs, 
  Islam,  Protestant 
 
  Languages:  Vietnamese  (official),  French,  Chinese,  English,  Khmer, 
  tribal  languages  (Mon-Khmer  and  Malayo-Polynesian) 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1989) 
  total  population:  88% 
  male:  93% 
  female:  83% 
 
  Labor  force:  32.7  million 
  by  occupation:  agricultural  65%,  industrial  and  service  35%  (1990 
  est.) 
 
  Vietnam:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Socialist  Republic  of  Vietnam 
  conventional  short  form:  Vietnam 
  local  long  form:  Cong  Hoa  Chu  Nghia  Viet  Nam 
  local  short  form:  Viet  Nam 
 
  Abbreviation:  SRV 
 
  Digraph:  VM 
 
  Type:  Communist  state 
 
  Capital:  Hanoi 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  50  provinces  (tinh,  singular  and  plural),  3 
  municipalities*  (thu  do  singular  and  plural);  An  Giang,  Ba  Ria-Vung 
  Tau,  Bac  Thai,  Ben  Tre,  Binh  Dinh,  Binh  Thuan,  Can  Tho,  Cao  Bang,  Dac 
  Lac,  Dong  Nai,  Dong  Thap,  Gia  Lai,  Ha  Bac,  Ha  Giang,  Ha  Noi*,  Ha  Tay, 
  Ha  Tinh,  Hai  Hung,  Hai  Phong*,  Ho  Chi  Minh*,  Hoa  Binh,  Khanh  Hoa,  Kien 
  Giang,  Kon  Tum,  Lai  Chau,  Lam  Dong,  Lang  Son,  Lao  Cai,  Long  An  Minh 
  Hai,  Nam  Ha  Nghe  An  Ninh  Binh,  Ninh  Thuan,  Phu  Yen,  Quang  Binh, 
  Quang  Nam-Da  Nang,  Quang  Ngai,  Quang  Ninh,  Quang  Tri,  Soc  Trang,  Son 
  La  Song  Be  Tay  Ninh,  Thai  Binh,  Thanh  Hoa,  Thua  Thien-Hue,  Tien 
  Giang,  Tra  Vinh,  Tuyen  Quang,  Vinh  Long,  Vinh  Phu,  Yen  Bai 
 
  Independence:  2  September  1945  (from  France) 
 
  National  holiday:  Independence  Day  2  September  (1945) 
 
  Constitution:  15  April  1992 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  Communist  legal  theory  and  French  civil  law 
  system 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  President  Le  Duc  ANH  (since  23  September  1992) 
  head  of  government:  Prime  Minister  Vo  Van  KIET  (since  9  August  1991); 
  First  Deputy  Prime  Minister  Phan  Van  KHAI  (since  10  August  1991); 
  Deputy  Prime  Minister  Nguyen  KHANH  (since  NA  February  1987);  Deputy 
  Prime  Minister  Tran  Duc  LUONG  (since  NA  February  1987) 
  cabinet:  Cabinet;  appointed  by  the  president  on  proposal  of  the  prime 
  minister  and  ratification  of  the  Assembly 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  National  Assembly  (Quoc-Hoi):  elections  last  held  19  July  1992  (next 
  to  be  held  NA  July  1997);  results  -  VCP  is  the  only  party;  seats  - 
  (395  total)  VCP  or  VCP-approved  395 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  People's  Court 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  only  party  -  Vietnam  Communist  Party 
  (VCP),  DO  MUOI,  general  secretary 
 
  Member  of:  ACCT,  AsDB  ASEAN  (observer),  CCC,  ESCAP,  FAO,  G-77,  IAEA, 
  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICRM,  IDA,  IFAD,  IFC,  IFRCS  ILO,  IMF,  IMO,  INTELSAT, 
  INTERPOL,  IOC,  IOM  (observer),  ISO,  ITU,  NAM,  UN  UNCTAD  UNESCO, 
  UNIDO  UPU,  WCL,  WFTU  WHO  WIPO,  WMO,  WTO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Liaison  Officer  Le  Van  BANG 
  liaison  office:  address  NA  Washington,  DC 
  mailing  address:  NA 
  telephone:  NA 
  FAX:  NA 
  note:  negotiations  between  representatives  of  the  US  and  Vietnam 
  concluded  28  January  1995  with  the  signing  of  an  agreement  to 
  establish  liaison  offices  in  Hanoi  and  Washington 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Liaison  Officer  James  HALL 
  liaison  office:  address  NA  Hanoi 
  mailing  address:  NA 
  telephone:  NA 
  FAX:  NA 
  note:  negotiations  between  representatives  of  the  US  and  Vietnam 
  concluded  28  January  1995  with  the  signing  of  an  agreement  to 
  establish  liaison  offices  in  Hanoi  and  Washington 
 
  Flag:  red  with  a  large  yellow  five-pointed  star  in  the  center 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Vietnam  has  made  significant  progress  in  recent  years  moving 
  away  from  the  planned  economic  model  toward  a  more  effective 
  market-based  economic  system.  Most  prices  are  now  fully  decontrolled, 
  and  the  Vietnamese  currency  has  been  effectively  devalued  and  floated 
  at  world  market  rates.  In  addition,  the  scope  for  private  sector 
  activity  has  been  expanded,  primarily  through  decollectivization  of 
  the  agricultural  sector  and  introduction  of  laws  giving  legal 
  recognition  to  private  business.  Nearly  three-quarters  of  export 
  earnings  are  generated  by  only  two  commodities,  rice  and  crude  oil. 
  Led  by  industry  and  construction,  the  economy  did  well  in  1993  and 
  1994  with  output  rising  7%  and  9%  respectively.  However,  the 
  industrial  sector  remains  burdened  by  noncompetitive  state-owned 
  enterprises  the  government  is  unwilling  or  unable  to  privatize. 
  Unemployment  looms  as  a  serious  problem  with  roughly  20%  of  the  work 
  force  without  jobs  and  with  population  growth  swelling  the  ranks  of 
  the  labor  force  yearly. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $83.5  billion  (1994 
  est.) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  8.8%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $1,140  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  14.4%  (1994) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  20%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $3.6  billion 
  expenditures:  $4.5  billion,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
  (1994  est.) 
 
  Exports:  $3.6  billion  (f.o.b.,  1994  est.) 
  commodities:  petroleum,  rice,  agricultural  products,  marine  products, 
  coffee 
  partners:  Japan,  Singapore,  Hong  Kong,  France,  South  Korea 
 
  Imports:  $4.2  billion  (f.o.b.,  1994  est.) 
  commodities:  petroleum  products,  machinery  and  equipment,  steel 
  products,  fertilizer,  raw  cotton,  grain 
  partners:  Singapore,  Japan,  South  Korea,  France,  Hong  Kong,  Taiwan 
 
  External  debt:  $4  billion  Western  countries;  $4.5  billion  CEMA  debts 
  primarily  to  Russia; 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  13%  (1994  est.);  accounts  for  21% 
  of  GDP 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  2,200,000  kW 
  production:  9.7  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  125  kWh  (1993) 
 
  Industries:  food  processing,  textiles,  machine  building,  mining, 
  cement,  chemical  fertilizer,  glass,  tires,  oil 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  36%  of  GDP;  paddy  rice,  corn,  potatoes  make 
  up  50%  of  farm  output;  commercial  crops  (rubber,  soybeans,  coffee, 
  tea,  bananas)  and  animal  products  50%;  since  1989  self-sufficient  in 
  food  staple  rice;  fish  catch  of  943,100  metric  tons  (1989  est.);  note 
  -  the  third  largest  exporter  of  rice  in  the  World,  behind  the  US  and 
  Thailand 
 
  Illicit  drugs:  opium  producer  and  increasingly  important  transit  point 
  for  Southeast  Asian  heroin  destined  for  the  US  and  Europe;  growing 
  opium  addiction;  small-scale  heroin  producer 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  recipient:  $2  billion  in  credits  and  grants  pledged  by  international 
  donors  for  1995,  Japan  largest  contributor  with  $650  million  pledged 
  for  1995 
 
  Currency:  1  new  dong  D  =  100  xu 
 
  Exchange  rates:  new  dong  D  per  US$1  -  11,000  (October  1994),  10,800 
  (November  1993),  8,100  (July  1991),  7,280  (December  1990),  3,996 
  (March  1990) 
 
  Fiscal  year:  calendar  year 
 
  Vietnam:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  3,059  km  (including  224  km  not  restored  to  service  after  war 
  damage) 
  standard  gauge:  151  km  1.435-m  gauge 
  narrow  gauge:  2,454  km  1.000-m  gauge 
  other  gauge:  230  km  NA-m  dual  gauge  (three  rails) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  85,000  km 
  paved:  9,400  km 
  unpaved:  gravel,  improved  earth  48,700  km  unimproved  earth  26,900  km 
 
  Inland  waterways:  17,702  km  navigable;  more  than  5,149  km  navigable  at 
  all  times  by  vessels  up  to  1.8  meter  draft 
 
  Pipelines:  petroleum  products  150  km 
 
  Ports:  Da  Nang,  Haiphong,  Ho  Chi  Minh  City,  Hon  Gai,  Qui  Nhon,  Nha 
  Trang 
 
  Merchant  marine: 
  total:  109  ships  (1,000  GRT  or  over)  totaling  449,963  GRT/932,837  DWT 
  ships  by  type:  bulk  3,  cargo  92,  oil  tanker  10,  refrigerated  cargo  3, 
  roll-on/roll-off  cargo  1 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  48 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  8 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  3 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  5 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  13 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  7 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  2 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  5 
  with  unpaved  runways  under  914  m:  5 
 
  Vietnam:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  NA  telephones;  2  telephones/1,000  persons;  the 
  inadequacies  of  the  obsolete  switching  equipment  and  cable  system  are 
  a  serious  constraint  on  the  business  sector  and  on  economic  growth, 
  and  restrict  access  to  the  international  links  that  Vietnam  has 
  established  with  most  major  countries;  the  telephone  system  is  not 
  generally  available  for  private  use 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  NA 
  international:  3  satellite  earth  stations 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  NA  FM  228,  shortwave  0 
  radios:  7  million  (1991) 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  36  (repeaters  77) 
  televisions:  2.5  million  (1991) 
 
  Vietnam:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  People's  Army  of  Vietnam  (PAVN;  includes  Ground  forces,  Navy 
  (includes  Naval  Infantry),  and  Air  Force 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  18,799,370;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  11,913,116;  males  reach  military  age  (17)  annually 
  742,394  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  exchange  rate  conversion  -  $435  million,  2.5%  of 
  GDP  (1994) 
 
 
 




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