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philosophiesmore about philosophies

philosophies

 

  1  definition  found 
 
  From  Webster's  Revised  Unabridged  Dictionary  (1913)  [web1913]: 
 
  Philosophy  \Phi*los"o*phy\,  n.;  pl  {Philosophies}.  [OE. 
  philosophie,  F.  philosophie,  L.  philosophia,  from  Gr  ?.  See 
  {Philosopher}.] 
  1.  Literally,  the  love  of  including  the  search  after 
  wisdom;  in  actual  usage,  the  knowledge  of  phenomena  as 
  explained  by  and  resolved  into  causes  and  reasons, 
  powers  and  laws. 
 
  Note:  When  applied  to  any  particular  department  of  knowledge, 
  philosophy  denotes  the  general  laws  or  principles  under 
  which  all  the  subordinate  phenomena  or  facts  relating 
  to  that  subject  are  comprehended.  Thus  philosophy,  when 
  applied  to  God  and  the  divine  government,  is  called 
  theology;  when  applied  to  material  objects,  it  is 
  called  physics;  when  it  treats  of  man,  it  is  called 
  anthropology  and  psychology,  with  which  are  connected 
  logic  and  ethics;  when  it  treats  of  the  necessary 
  conceptions  and  relations  by  which  philosophy  is 
  possible,  it  is  called  metaphysics. 
 
  Note:  ``Philosophy  has  been  defined:  tionscience  of  things 
  divine  and  human,  and  the  causes  in  which  they  are 
  contained;  --  the  science  of  effects  by  their  causes; 
  --  the  science  of  sufficient  reasons;  --  the  science  of 
  things  possible,  inasmuch  as  they  are  possible;  --  the 
  science  of  things  evidently  deduced  from  first 
  principles;  --  the  science  of  truths  sensible  and 
  abstract;  --  the  application  of  reason  to  its 
  legitimate  objects;  --  the  science  of  the  relations  of 
  all  knowledge  to  the  necessary  ends  of  human  reason;  -- 
  the  science  of  the  original  form  of  the  ego,  or  mental 
  self  --  the  science  of  science;  --  the  science  of  the 
  absolute;  --  the  scienceof  the  absolute  indifference  of 
  the  ideal  and  real.''  --Sir  W.  Hamilton. 
 
  2.  A  particular  philosophical  system  or  theory;  the 
  hypothesis  by  which  particular  phenomena  are  explained. 
 
  [Books]  of  Aristotle  and  his  philosophie.  --Chaucer. 
 
  We  shall  in  vain  interpret  their  words  by  the 
  notions  of  our  philosophy  and  the  doctrines  in  our 
  school.  --Locke. 
 
  3.  Practical  wisdom;  calmness  of  temper  and  judgment; 
  equanimity;  fortitude;  stoicism;  as  to  meet  misfortune 
  with  philosophy. 
 
  Then  had  he  spent  all  his  philosophy.  --Chaucer. 
 
  4.  Reasoning;  argumentation. 
 
  Of  good  and  evil  much  they  argued  then,  .  .  .  Vain 
  wisdom  all  and  false  philosophy.  --Milton. 
 
  5.  The  course  of  sciences  read  in  the  schools.  --Johnson. 
 
  6.  A  treatise  on  philosophy. 
 
  {Philosophy  of  the  Academy},  that  of  Plato,  who  taught  his 
  disciples  in  a  grove  in  Athens  called  the  Academy. 
 
  {Philosophy  of  the  Garden},  that  of  Epicurus,  who  taught  in  a 
  garden  in  Athens. 
 
  {Philosophy  of  the  Lyceum},  that  of  Aristotle,  the  founder  of 
  the  Peripatetic  school,  who  delivered  his  lectures  in  the 
  Lyceum  at  Athens. 
 
  {Philosophy  of  the  Porch},  that  of  Zeno  and  the  Stoics;  --  so 
  called  because  Zeno  of  Citium  and  his  successors  taught  in 
  the  porch  of  the  Poicile,  a  great  hall  in  Athens.




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