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element

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element


  4  definitions  found 
 
  From  Webster's  Revised  Unabridged  Dictionary  (1913)  [web1913]: 
 
  Voltaic  \Vol*ta"ic\,  a.  [Cf.  F.  volta["i]que,  It  voltaico.] 
  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Alessandro  Volta,  who  first  devised 
  apparatus  for  developing  electric  currents  by  chemical 
  action  and  established  this  branch  of  electric  science; 
  discovered  by  Volta;  as  voltaic  electricity. 
 
  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  voltaism,  or  voltaic  electricity;  as 
  voltaic  induction;  the  voltaic  arc. 
 
  Note:  See  the  Note  under  {Galvanism}. 
 
  {Voltaic  arc},  a  luminous  arc,  of  intense  brilliancy,  formed 
  between  carbon  points  as  electrodes  by  the  passage  of  a 
  powerful  voltaic  current. 
 
  {Voltaic  battery},  an  apparatus  variously  constructed, 
  consisting  of  a  series  of  plates  or  pieces  of  dissimilar 
  metals,  as  copper  and  zinc,  arranged  in  pairs,  and 
  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  saline  or  acid  solution,  by 
  which  a  current  of  electricity  is  generated  whenever  the 
  two  poles,  or  ends  of  the  series,  are  connected  by  a 
  conductor;  a  galvanic  battery.  See  {Battery},  4. 
  (b),  and  Note. 
 
  {Voltaic  circuit}.  See  under  {Circuit}. 
 
  {Voltaic  couple}  or  {element},  a  single  pair  of  the  connected 
  plates  of  a  battery. 
 
  {Voltaic  electricity}.  See  the  Note  under  {Electricity}. 
 
  {Voltaic  pile},  a  kind  of  voltaic  battery  consisting  of 
  alternate  disks  of  dissimilar  metals,  separated  by 
  moistened  cloth  or  paper.  See  5th  {Pile}. 
 
  {Voltaic  protection  of  metals},  the  protection  of  a  metal 
  exposed  to  the  corrosive  action  of  sea  water,  saline  or 
  acid  liquids,  or  the  like  by  associating  it  with  a  metal 
  which  is  positive  to  it  as  when  iron  is  galvanized,  or 
  coated  with  zinc. 
 
  From  Webster's  Revised  Unabridged  Dictionary  (1913)  [web1913]: 
 
  Element  \El"e*ment\,  n.  [F.  ['e]l['e]ment,  L.  elementum.] 
  1.  One  of  the  simplest  or  essential  parts  or  principles  of 
  which  anything  consists,  or  upon  which  the  constitution  or 
  fundamental  powers  of  anything  are  based. 
 
  2.  One  of  the  ultimate,  undecomposable  constituents  of  any 
  kind  of  matter.  Specifically:  (Chem.)  A  substance  which 
  cannot  be  decomposed  into  different  kinds  of  matter  by  any 
  means  at  present  employed;  as  the  elements  of  water  are 
  oxygen  and  hydrogen. 
 
  Note:  The  elements  are  naturally  classified  in  several 
  families  or  groups,  as  the  group  of  the  alkaline 
  elements,  the  halogen  group  and  the  like  They  are 
  roughly  divided  into  two  great  classes,  the  metals,  as 
  sodium,  calcium,  etc.,  which  form  basic  compounds,  and 
  the  nonmetals  or  metalloids,  as  oxygen,  sulphur, 
  chlorine,  which  form  acid  compounds;  but  the 
  distinction  is  only  relative,  and  some  as  arsenic, 
  tin,  aluminium,  etc.,  form  both  acid  and  basic 
  compounds.  The  essential  fact  regarding  every  element 
  is  its  relative  atomic  weight  or  equivalent.  When  the 
  elements  are  tabulated  in  the  order  of  their  ascending 
  atomic  weights,  the  arrangement  constitutes  the  series 
  of  the  Periodic  law  of  Mendelejeff  See  {Periodic  law}, 
  under  {Periodic}.  This  Periodic  law  enables  us  to 
  predict  the  qualities  of  unknown  elements.  The  number 
  of  elements  known  is  about  seventy-five,  but  the  gaps 
  in  the  Periodic  law  indicate  the  possibility  of  many 
  more  Many  of  the  elements  with  which  we  are  familiar, 
  as  hydrogen,  carbon,  iron,  gold,  etc.,  have  been 
  recognized,  by  means  of  spectrum  analysis,  in  the  sun 
  and  the  fixed  stars.  From  certain  evidence  (as  that 
  afforded  by  the  Periodic  law,  spectrum  analysis,  etc.) 
  it  appears  that  the  chemical  elements  probably  may  not 
  be  simple  bodies,  but  only  very  stable  compounds  of 
  some  simpler  body  or  bodies.  In  formulas,  the  elements 
  are  designated  by  abbreviations  of  their  names  in  Latin 
  or  New  Latin.  The  Elements 
  ------------------------------------------------------------ 
  Name  |Sym-|Atomic  Weight|  |bol  |  O=16  |  H=1  | 
  ------------------------------------------------------------ 
  Aluminum  |  Al  |  27.1  |  26.9|  Antimony(Stibium)  Argon 
  Arsenic  Barium  Beryllium  (see  Glucinum)  Bismuth  Boron 
  Bromine  Cadmium  Caesium  Calcium  Carbon  Cerium  Chlorine 
  Chromium  Cobalt  Columbium  Copper  (Cuprum)  Erbium 
  Fluorine  Gadolinium  Gallium  Germanium  Glucinum 
 
  From  Webster's  Revised  Unabridged  Dictionary  (1913)  [web1913]: 
 
  Element  \El"e*ment\  ([e^]l"[-e]*m[e^]nt),  v.  t. 
  1.  To  compound  of  elements  or  first  principles.  [Obs.] 
  ``[Love]  being  elemented  too.''  --Donne. 
 
  2.  To  constitute;  to  make  up  with  elements. 
 
  His  very  soul  was  elemented  of  nothing  but  sadness. 
  --Walton. 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  element 
  n  1:  an  abstract  part  of  something:  "jealousy  was  a  component  of 
  his  character";  "two  constituents  of  a  musical 
  composition  are  melody  and  harmony";  "the  grammatical 
  elements  of  a  sentence";  "a  key  factor  in  her  success"; 
  "humor:  an  effective  ingredient  of  a  speech"  [syn:  {component}, 
  {constituent},  {factor},  {ingredient}] 
  2:  an  artifact  that  is  one  of  the  individual  parts  of  which  a 
  composite  entity  is  made  up  especially  a  part  that  can  be 
  separated  from  or  attached  to  a  system:  "spare  components 
  for  cars";  "a  component  or  constituent  element  of  a 
  system"  [syn:  {component},  {constituent}] 
  3:  any  of  the  more  than  100  known  substances  (of  which  93  occur 
  naturally)  that  cannot  be  separated  into  simpler 
  substances  and  that  singly  or  in  combination  constitute 
  all  matter  [syn:  {chemical  element}] 
  4:  the  most  favorable  environment  for  a  plant  or  animal;  "water 
  is  the  element  of  fishes" 
  5:  one  of  four  substances  thought  in  ancient  and  medieval 
  cosmology  to  constitute  the  physical  universe;  "the 
  alchemists  believed  that  there  were  four  elements" 
  6:  the  situation  in  which  you  are  happiest  and  most  effective; 
  "in  your  element" 
  7:  a  straight  line  that  generates  a  cylinder  or  cone 




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