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proportion |
5 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Inverse \In*verse"\, a. [L. inversus p. p. of invertere: cf F. inverse. See {Invert}.] 1. Opposite in order relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to {direct}. 2. (Bot.) Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual. 3. (Math.) Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; as multiplication is the inverse operation to division. The symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. Thus sin-1 x means the arc whose sine is x. {Inverse figures} (Geom.), two figures, such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding point in the order figure. {Inverse points} (Geom.), two points lying on a line drawn from the center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal to the square of the radius. {Inverse}, or {Reciprocal}, {ratio} (Math.), the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities. {Inverse}, or {Reciprocal, {proportion}, an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus 4 : 2 : : 1/3 : 1/6, or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6, inversely. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Proportion \Pro*por"tion\, n. [F., fr L. proportio; pro before + portio part or share. See {Portion}.] 1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation; ratio; as the proportion of the parts of a building, or of the body. The image of Christ, made after his own proportion. --Ridley. Formed in the best proportions of her sex. --Sir W. Scott. Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion to the support which they afford to his theory. --Macaulay. 2. Harmonic relation between parts or between different things of the same kind symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as to be out of proportion. ``Let us prophesy according to the proportion of faith.'' --Rom. xii. 6. 3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot Let the women . . . do the same things in their proportions and capacities. --Jer. Taylor. 4. A part considered comparatively; a share. 5. (Math.) a The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the third divided by the fourth -- called also {geometrical proportion}, in distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the same kind as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is 5 bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion is expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d. b The rule of three in arithmetic, in which the three given terms, together with the one sought, are proportional. {Continued proportion}, {Inverse proportion}, etc See under {Continued}, {Inverse}, etc {Harmonical, or Musical}, {proportion}, a relation of three or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as the difference between the first two is to the difference between the last two thus 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3. {In proportion}, according as to the degree that ``In proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false.'' --Burke. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Proportion \Pro*por"tion\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Proportioned}; p. pr & vb n. {Proportioning}.] [Cf. F. proportionner Cf {Proportionate}, v.] 1. To adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another; as to proportion the size of a building to its height; to proportion our expenditures to our income. In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it --Addison. 2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body. Nature had proportioned her without any fault. --Sir P. Sidney. 3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Geometric \Ge`o*met"ric\, Geometrical \Ge`o*met"ric*al\, a. [L. geometricus Gr ?: cf F. g['e]om['e]trique.] Pertaining to or according to the rules or principles of geometry; determined by geometry; as a geometrical solution of a problem. Note: Geometric is often used as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra. Note: Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense as opposed to mechanical; thus a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. {Geometrical curve}. Same as {Algebraic curve}; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. {Geometric lathe}, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also {cycloidal engine}. {Geometrical pace}, a measure of five feet. {Geometric pen}, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of adjustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. {Geometrical plane} (Persp.), the same as {Ground plane} . {Geometrical progression}, {proportion}, {ratio}. See under {Progression}, {Proportion} and {Ratio}. {Geometrical radius}, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. --Knight. {Geometric spider} (Zo["o]l.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to {Epeira} and allied genera, as the garden spider. See {Garden spider}. {Geometric square}, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. {Geometrical staircase}, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. {Geometrical tracery}, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures. From WordNet r 1.6 [wn]: proportion n 1: the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole [syn: {proportionality}] 2: magnitude or extent; "a building of vast proportions" [syn: {dimension}] 3: balance among the parts of something [syn: {symmetry}] [ant: {disproportion}] 4: harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design): "in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance"- John Ruskin [syn: {balance}] v 1: give pleasant proportions to "harmonzie a building with those surrounding it" 2: adjust in size relative to other things
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