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botany |
4 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: 10. (Mus.) a Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. b Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. c Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. --Moore (Encyc. of Music). {Natural day}, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer. {Natural fats}, {Natural gas}, etc See under {Fat}, {Gas}. etc {Natural Harmony} (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. {Natural history}, in its broadest sense a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of {botany}, {zo["o]logy}, {geology}, {mineralogy}, {paleontology}, {chemistry}, and {physics}. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo["o]logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. {Natural law}, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. {Natural modulation} (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. {Natural order}. (Nat. Hist.) See under {order}. {Natural person}. (Law) See under {person}, n. {Natural philosophy}, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called {physics}, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. {Natural scale} (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale {Natural science}, natural history, in its broadest sense -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. {Natural selection} (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See {Darwinism}. {Natural system} (Bot. & Zo["o]l.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology. It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders etc., and in its grand divisions. --Gray. {Natural theology}, or {Natural religion}, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under {Natural}, a., 3. {Natural vowel}, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See {Neutral vowel}, under {Neutral} and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17. Syn: See {Native}. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Botany \Bot"a*ny\, n.; pl {Botanies}. [F. botanique a. & n., fr Gr ? botanic, fr ? herb, plant, fr ? to feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See {Plant}. 2. A book which treats of the science of botany. Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as {Structural Botany}, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; {Physiological Botany}, the study of their functions and life; and {Systematic Botany}, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc From WordNet r 1.6 [wn]: botany n : the branch of biology that studies plants [syn: {phytology}] From THE DEVIL'S DICTIONARY ((C)1911 Released April 15 1993) [devils]: BOTANY, n. The science of vegetables -- those that are not good to eat, as well as those that are It deals largely with their flowers, which are commonly badly designed, inartistic in color, and ill- smelling.
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