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6 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Muriatic \Mu`ri*at"ic\, a. [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf F. muriatique.] (Chem.) Of pertaining to or obtained from sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. {Muriatic acid}, hydrochloric acid, {HCl}; -- formerly called also {marine acid}, and {spirit of salt}. See {hydrochloric}, and the Note under {Muriate}. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Ion \I"on\, n. 1. One of the electrified particles into which according to the electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of electrolytes are divided by water and other solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries a unit charge of electricity, 3.4 x 10^{-10} electrostatic units, or a multiple of this Those which are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are called {cations}; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms or groups) are called {anions}. Note: Thus hydrochloric acid ({HCl}) dissociates, in aqueous solution, into the hydrogen ion, H^{+}, and the chlorine ion, Cl^{-}; ferric nitrate, {Fe(NO3)3}, yields the ferric ion, Fe^{+++}, and nitrate ions, NO3^{-}, NO3^{-}, NO3^{-}. When a solution containing ions is made part of an electric circuit, the cations move toward the cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is called migration, and the velocity of it differs for different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali; similarly, at the anode the element of the anion separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or decomposition occurs. 2. One of the small electrified particles into which the molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays, and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through rarefied gases and many other important effects are ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in various ways. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Type \Type\, n. [F. type cf It tipo, from L. typus a figure, image, a form type character, Gr ? the mark of a blow, impression, form of character, model, from the root of ? to beat strike; cf Skr. tup to hurt.] 1. The mark or impression of something stamp; impressed sign; emblem. The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel. --Shak. 2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance. Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. --Shak. 3. A figure or representation of something to come a token; a sign; a symbol; -- correlative to antitype. A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited. --South. 4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: a (Biol.) A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group Also a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types. --Haeckel. b (Fine Arts) The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin. c (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived. Note: The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, {HCl}; water, {H2O}; ammonia, {NH3}; and methane, {CH4}. 5. (Typog.) a A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. b Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed. Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which when broken off leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type some three or four hundred varieties of face are made Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two-line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two-line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Hydrochloric \Hy`dro*chlo"ric\, a. [Hydro-, 2 + chloric: cf F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or compounded of chlorine and hydrogen gas; as hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric. {Hydrochloric acid} (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, {HCl}, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work Called also {muriatic, & chlorhydric, acid}. From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms 13 March 2001 [vera]: HCL Hardware Compatibility List (MS, Windows) From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms 13 March 2001 [vera]: HCL Host Control Links
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