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svalbard |
2 definitions found From WordNet r 1.6 [wn]: Svalbard n : a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean [syn: {Svalbard}] From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: Svalbard (territory of Norway) Svalbard:Geography Location: Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway Map references: Arctic Region Area: total area: 62,049 sq km land area: 62,049 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island) Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 3,587 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 nm International disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute in the Barents Sea between Norway and Russia Climate: arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year Terrain: wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts Natural resources: coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (no trees and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic international agreements: NA Note: northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area Svalbard:People Population: 2,914 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: -3.5% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman Ethnic divisions: Russian 64%, Norwegian 35%, other 1% (1981) Languages: Russian, Norwegian Labor force: NA Svalbard:Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard Digraph: SV Type: territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor sysselmann residing in Longyearbyen Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway Capital: Longyearbyen Independence: none (territory of Norway) National holiday: NA Legal system: NA Executive branch: Chief of State: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991) Head of Government: Governor Odd BLOMDAL (since NA); Assistant Governor Jan-Atle HANSEN (since NA September 1993) Member of: none Flag: the flag of Norway is used Economy Overview: Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty (9 February 1920), the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US UK Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus. Budget: revenues: $13.3 million expenditures: $13.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.) Electricity: capacity: 21,000 kW production: 45 million kWh consumption per capita: 13,860 kWh (1992) Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990) Svalbard:Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Barentsburg Longyearbyen Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 Svalbard:Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; local telephone service local: NA intercity: NA international: satellite communication with Norwegian mainland Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 2), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA Note: there are 5 meteorological/radio stations Svalbard:Defense Forces Note: demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
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