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norway |
4 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Pine \Pine\, n. [AS. p[=i]n, L. pinus.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus {Pinus}. See {Pinus}. Note: There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the {white pine} ({P. Strobus}), the {Georgia pine} ({P. australis}), the {red pine} ({P. resinosa}), and the great West Coast {sugar pine} ({P. Lambertiana}) are among the most valuable. The {Scotch pine} or {fir}, also called {Norway} or {Riga pine} ({Pinus sylvestris}), is the only British species. The {nut pine} is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See {Pinon}. The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera. 2. The wood of the pine tree. 3. A pineapple. {Ground pine}. (Bot.) See under {Ground}. {Norfolk Island pine} (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the {Araucaria excelsa}. {Pine barren}, a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] {Pine borer} (Zo["o]l.), any beetle whose larv[ae] bore into pine trees. {Pine finch}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Pinefinch}, in the Vocabulary. {Pine grosbeak} (Zo["o]l.), a large grosbeak ({Pinicola enucleator}), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red. {Pine lizard} (Zo["o]l.), a small very active, mottled gray lizard ({Sceloporus undulatus}), native of the Middle States; -- called also {swift}, {brown scorpion}, and {alligator}. {Pine marten}. (Zo["o]l.) a A European weasel ({Mustela martes}), called also {sweet marten}, and {yellow-breasted marten}. b The American sable. See {Sable}. {Pine moth} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus {Retinia}, whose larv[ae] burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. {Pine mouse} (Zo["o]l.), an American wild mouse ({Arvicola pinetorum}), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. {Pine needle} (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See {Pinus}. {Pine-needle wool}. See {Pine wool} (below). {Pine oil}, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors. {Pine snake} (Zo["o]l.), a large harmless North American snake ({Pituophis melanoleucus}). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also {bull snake}. The Western pine snake ({P. Sayi}) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange. {Pine tree} (Bot.), a tree of the genus {Pinus}; pine. {Pine-tree money}, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. {Pine weevil} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larv[ae] bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera {Pissodes}, {Hylobius}, etc {Pine wool}, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also {pine-needle wool}, and {pine-wood wool}. From WordNet r 1.6 [wn]: Norway n : a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe [syn: {Norway}, {Norge}, {Noreg}] From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: Norway, IA (city, FIPS 57720) Location: 41.90279 N, 91.92194 W Population (1990): 583 (229 housing units) Area: 1.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 52318 Norway, KS Zip code(s): 66961 Norway, ME (CDP, FIPS 53965) Location: 44.21350 N, 70.55018 W Population (1990): 3023 (1373 housing units) Area: 13.1 sq km (land), 0.5 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 04268 Norway, MI (city, FIPS 59220) Location: 45.80260 N, 87.91465 W Population (1990): 2910 (1311 housing units) Area: 22.8 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 49870 Norway, SC (town, FIPS 51550) Location: 33.44959 N, 81.12683 W Population (1990): 401 (149 housing units) Area: 2.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 29113 From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: Norway Norway:Geography Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden Map references: Europe Area: total area: 324,220 sq km land area: 307,860 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico Land boundaries: total 2,515 km Finland 729 km Sweden 1,619 km Russia 167 km Coastline: 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km large islands 2,413 km long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km) Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 10 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 4 nm International disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land); maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents Sea Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior; rainy year-round on west coast Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north Natural resources: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 27% other: 70% Irrigated land: 950 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94 Note: about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world; Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with Russia Norway:People Population: 4,330,951 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 390,344; male 444,570) 15-64 years: 65% (female 1,375,493; male 1,424,027) 65 years and over: 16% (female 408,675; male 287,842) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.37% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.86 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.61 years male: 74.26 years female: 81.15 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian Ethnic divisions: Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Lapps (Sami) 20,000 Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% (1980) Languages: Norwegian (official) note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 2.13 million by occupation: services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% (1992) Norway:Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge Digraph: NO Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Administrative divisions: 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus Aust-Agder, Buskerud Finnmark Hedmark Hordaland More og Romsdal Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland Oslo, Ostfold Rogaland Sogn og Fjordane Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard Independence: 26 October 1905 (from Sweden) National holiday: Constitution Day 17 May (1814) Constitution: 17 May 1814, modified in 1884 Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (born 20 July 1973) head of government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND (since 3 November 1990) cabinet: State Council; appointed by the king in accordance with the will of the Storting Legislative branch: modified unicameral Parliament (Storting) which for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers Storting: elections last held 13 September 1993 (next to be held September 1997); results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%, Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%, Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats - (165 total) Labor 67, Center Party 32, Consevatives 18, Christian People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10 note: for certain purposes, the Storting divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting Judicial branch: Supreme Court Hoyesterett Political parties and leaders: Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLUND Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGER LAHNSTEIN Christian People's Party, Kjell Magne BONDEVIK Socialist Left Kjellbjorg LUNDE; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN Progress Party, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; Red Electoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD Member of: AfDB AsDB Australia Group BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD OSCE, PCA, UN UNAVEM II UNCTAD UNESCO, UNHCR UNIDO UNIFIL, UNIKOM UNITAR, UNMOGIP UNOMOZ UNPROFOR UNTSO UPU, WEU (associate), WHO WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kjeld VIBE chancery: 2720 34th Street NW Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000 FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Miami US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707 telephone: [47] 22 44 85 50 FAX: [47] 22 44 33 63 Flag: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) Economy Overview: Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises) and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to slightly more than 50% of the GDP and results in one of the highest average tax burdens in the world (54%). A small country with a high dependence on international trade Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil sector to keep its economy afloat. Norway imports more than half its food needs Although one of the government's main priorities is to reduce this dependency, this situation is not likely to improve for years to come The government also hopes to reduce unemployment and strengthen and diversify the economy through tax reform and a series of expansionary budgets. The budget deficit is expected to hit a record 8% of GDP because of welfare spending and bail-outs of the banking system. Unemployment is currently running at 8.4% - including those in job programs - because of the weakness of the economy outside the oil sector. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5% in 1994. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $95.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $22,170 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 8.4% (including people in job-training programs; 1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $50.9 billion expenditures: $55.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $36.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 40%, metals and products 10.6%, fish and fish products 6.9%, chemicals 6.4%, natural gas 6.0%, ships 5.4% partners: EC 66.3%, Nordic countries 16.3%, developing countries 8.4%, US 6.0%, Japan 1.8% (1993) Imports: $29.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and equipment 38.9%, chemicals and other industrial inputs 26.6%, manufactured consumer goods 17.8%, foodstuffs 6.4% partners: EC 48.6%, Nordic countries 25.1%, developing countries 9.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 8.0% (1993) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 4.6% (1994); accounts for 14% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 27,280,000 kW production: 118 billion kWh consumption per capita: 23,735 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP and about 6% of labor force; among world's top 10 fishing nations; livestock output exceeds value of crops; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989 Illicit drugs: transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Norway:Transportation Railroads: total: 4,026 km standard gauge: 4,026 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km double track) (1994) Highways: total: 88,922 km paved: 61,356 km (75 km of expressway) unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 27,566 km (1990) Inland waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products 53 km Ports: Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest Harstad, Haugesund Kristiansand Larvik Narvik Oslo, Porsgrunn Stavanger, Tromso Trondheim Merchant marine: total: 764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,793,968 GRT/35,409,472 DWT ships by type: bulk 159, cargo 92, chemical tanker 85, combination bulk 8, combination ore/oil 28, container 17, liquefied gas tanker 81, oil tanker 162, passenger 13, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 21, vehicle carrier 28 note: the government has created a captive register, the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian register; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians Airports: total: 104 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 with paved runways under 914 m: 62 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 Norway:Communications Telephone system: 3,102,000 telephones; high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services local: NA intercity: domestic earth stations international: 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; EUTELSAT INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), and MARISAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0 radios: 3.3 million Television: broadcast stations: 54 (repeaters 2,100) televisions: 1.5 million Norway:Defense Forces Branches: Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,116,130; males fit for military service 928,774; males reach military age (20) annually 29,123 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 3.2% of GDP (1994)
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