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tajikistanmore about tajikistan

tajikistan


  2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Tajikistan 
  n  :  a  landlocked  mountainous  republic  in  central  Asia  north  of 
  Afghanistan;  formerly  an  Asian  Soviet  [syn:  {Tajikistan}, 
  {Tadzhikistan},  {Tadzhik},  {Tadjik},  {Tajik}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Tajikistan 
 
  Note--Tajikistan  has  experienced  three  changes  of  government  since  it 
  gained  independence  in  September  1991.  The  current  president,  Emomali 
  RAKHMONOV  was  elected  to  the  presidency  in  November  1994,  yet  has 
  been  in  power  since  1992.  The  country  is  suffering  through  its  third 
  year  of  a  civil  war,  with  no  clear  end  in  sight.  Underlying  the 
  conflict  are  deeply-rooted  regional  and  clan-based  animosities  that 
  pit  a  government  consisting  of  people  primarily  from  the  Kulob 
  (Kulyab),  Khujand  (Leninabad),  and  Hisor  (Hissar)  regions  against  a 
  secular  and  Islamic-led  opposition  from  the  Gharm,  Gorno-Badakhshan, 
  and  Qurghonteppa  (Kurgan-Tyube)  regions.  Government  and  opposition 
  representatives  have  held  periodic  rounds  of  UN-mediated  peace  talks 
  and  agreed  in  September  1994  to  a  cease-fire.  Russian-led  peacekeeping 
  troops  are  deployed  throughout  the  country,  and  Russian  border  guards 
  are  stationed  along  the  Tajik-Afghan  border. 
 
  Tajikistan:Geography 
 
  Location:  Central  Asia,  west  of  China 
 
  Map  references:  Commonwealth  of  Independent  States  -  Central  Asian 
  States 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  143,100  sq  km 
  land  area:  142,700  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  smaller  than  Wisconsin 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  3,651  km  Afghanistan  1,206  km  China  414  km 
  Kyrgyzstan  870  km  Uzbekistan  1,161  km 
 
  Coastline:  0  km  (landlocked) 
 
  Maritime  claims:  none;  landlocked 
 
  International  disputes:  boundary  with  China  in  dispute;  territorial 
  dispute  with  Kyrgyzstan  on  northern  boundary  in  Isfara  Valley  area; 
  Afghanistan's  and  other  foreign  support  to  Tajik  rebels  based  in 
  northern  Afghanistan 
 
  Climate:  midlatitude  continental,  hot  summers,  mild  winters;  semiarid 
  to  polar  in  Pamir  Mountains 
 
  Terrain:  Pamir  and  Altay  Mountains  dominate  landscape;  western  Fergana 
  Valley  in  north,  Kofarnihon  and  Vakhsh  Valleys  in  southwest 
 
  Natural  resources:  significant  hydropower  potential,  some  petroleum, 
  uranium,  mercury,  brown  coal,  lead,  zinc,  antimony,  tungsten 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  6% 
  permanent  crops:  0% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  23% 
  forest  and  woodland:  0% 
  other:  71% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  6,940  sq  km  (1990) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  inadequate  sanitation  facilities;  increasing  levels  of 
  soil  salinity;  industrial  pollution;  excessive  pesticides;  part  of  the 
  basin  of  the  shrinking  Aral  Sea  which  suffers  from  severe 
  overutilization  of  available  water  for  irrigation  and  associated 
  pollution 
  natural  hazards:  NA 
  international  agreements:  NA 
 
  Note:  landlocked 
 
  Tajikistan:People 
 
  Population:  6,155,474  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  43%  (female  1,303,627;  male  1,340,086) 
  15-64  years:  53%  (female  1,612,429;  male  1,624,379) 
  65  years  and  over:  4%  (female  157,841;  male  117,112)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  2.6%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  34.06  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  6.58  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  -1.44  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  60.4  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  69.03  years 
  male:  66.11  years 
  female:  72.1  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  4.55  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Tajik(s) 
  adjective:  Tajik 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Tajik  64.9%,  Uzbek  25%,  Russian  3.5%  (declining 
  because  of  emigration),  other  6.6% 
 
  Religions:  Sunni  Muslim  80%,  Shi'a  Muslim  5% 
 
  Languages:  Tajik  (official),  Russian  widely  used  in  government  and 
  business 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1989) 
  total  population:  98% 
  male:  99% 
  female:  97% 
 
  Labor  force:  1.95  million  (1992) 
  by  occupation:  agriculture  and  forestry  43%,  government  and  services 
  24%,  industry  14%,  trade  and  communications  11%,  construction  8% 
  (1990) 
 
  Tajikistan:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Republic  of  Tajikistan 
  conventional  short  form:  Tajikistan 
  local  long  form:  Jumhurii  Tojikistan 
  local  short  form:  none 
  former:  Tajik  Soviet  Socialist  Republic 
 
  Digraph:  TI 
 
  Type:  republic 
 
  Capital:  Dushanbe 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  2  oblasts  (viloyatho,  singular  -  viloyat) 
  and  one  autonomous  oblast*  (viloyati  avtonomii);  Viloyati  Avtonomii 
  Badakhshoni  Kuni*  (Khorugh  -  formerly  Khorog),  Viloyati  Khatlon 
  (Qurghonteppa  -  formerly  Kurgan-Tyube),  Viloyati  Leninobad  (Khujand  - 
  formerly  Leninabad) 
  note:  the  administrative  center  names  are  in  parentheses 
 
  Independence:  9  September  1991  (from  Soviet  Union) 
 
  National  holiday:  National  Day  9  September  (1991) 
 
  Constitution:  new  constitution  adopted  6  November  1994 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  civil  law  system;  no  judicial  review  of 
  legislative  acts 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  President  Emomili  RAKHMONOV  (since  6  November  1994; 
  was  Head  of  State  and  Assembly  Chairman  since  NA  November  1992); 
  election  last  held  6  November  1994  (next  to  be  held  NA  1998);  results 
  -  Emomili  RAKHMONOV  58%,  Abdumalik  ABDULLAJANOV  40% 
  head  of  government:  Prime  Minister  Jamshed  KARIMOV  (since  2  December 
  1994) 
  cabinet:  Council  of  Ministers 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  Supreme  Soviet:  elections  last  held  26  February  1994  (next  to  be  held 
  NA);  results  -  percent  of  vote  by  party  NA  estimated  seats  -  (181 
  total)  Communist  Party  and  affiliates  100,  Popular  Party  10,  Party  of 
  Political  and  Economic  Progress  1,  Party  of  Popular  Unity  6,  other  64 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Prosecutor  General 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Communist  Party  (People's  Party  of 
  Tajikistan  -  PPT),  Abdumalik  ABDULAJANOV  Party  of  Economic  Freedom 
  (PEF),  Abdumalik  ABDULAJANOV  Tajik  Socialist  Party  (TSP),  Shodi 
  SHABDOLOV  Tajik  Democratic  Party  (TDP),  Abdu-Nabi  SATARZADE 
  chairman;  note  -  suspended  for  six  months;  Islamic  Renaissance  Party 
  (IRP),  Sayed  Abdullo  NURI,  chairman;  Rebirth  (Rastokhez),  Takhir 
  ABDUZHABOROV  Lali  Badakhshan  Society,  Atobek  AMIRBEK  People's 
  Democratic  Party  (PDP),  Abdujalil  HAMIDOV  chairman;  Tajikistan  Party 
  of  Economic  and  Political  Renewal  (TPEPR),  Mukhtor  BOBOYEV 
  note:  all  the  above-listed  parties  except  the  Communist  Party,  the 
  Party  of  National  Unity,  and  the  People's  Party  were  banned  in  June 
  1993 
 
  Other  political  or  pressure  groups:  Tajikistan  Opposition  Movement 
  based  in  northern  Afghanistan 
 
  Member  of:  CIS,  EBRD,  ECO,  ESCAP,  IBRD,  ICAO,  IDA,  IDB,  IFAD,  ILO, 
  IMF,  INTELSAT  (nonsignatory  user),  IOC,  IOM  (observer),  ITU,  NACC, 
  OIC,  OSCE,  UN  UNCTAD  UNESCO,  UNIDO  UPU,  WHO  WIPO,  WMO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  NA 
  chancery:  NA 
  telephone:  NA 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Stanley  T.  ESCUDERO 
  embassy:  Interim  Chancery,  #39  Ainii  Street,  Oktyabrskaya  Hotel, 
  Dushanbe 
  mailing  address:  use  embassy  street  address 
  telephone:  [7]  (3772)  21-03-56 
 
  Flag:  three  horizontal  stripes  of  red  (top),  a  wider  stripe  of  white, 
  and  green;  a  crown  surmounted  by  seven  five-pointed  stars  is  located 
  in  the  center  of  the  white  stripe 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Tajikistan  had  the  next-to-lowest  per  capita  GDP  in  the 
  former  USSR,  the  highest  rate  of  population  growth,  and  an  extremely 
  low  standard  of  living.  Agriculture  dominates  the  economy,  cotton 
  being  the  most  important  crop.  Mineral  resources,  varied  but  limited 
  in  amount,  include  silver,  gold,  uranium,  and  tungsten.  Industry  is 
  limited  to  a  large  aluminum  plant,  hydropower  facilities,  and  small 
  obsolete  factories  mostly  in  light  industry  and  food  processing.  The 
  Tajik  economy  has  been  gravely  weakened  by  three  years  of  civil  war 
  and  by  the  loss  of  subsidies  and  markets  for  its  products,  which  has 
  left  Tajikistan  dependent  on  Russia  and  Uzbekistan  and  on 
  international  humanitarian  assistance  for  much  of  its  basic 
  subsistence  needs  Moreover,  constant  political  turmoil  and  the 
  continued  dominance  by  former  Communist  officials  have  impeded  the 
  introduction  of  meaningful  economic  reforms.  In  the  meantime, 
  Tajikistan's  efforts  to  adopt  the  Russian  ruble  as  its  domestic 
  currency  despite  Russia's  unwillingness  to  supply  sufficient  rubles 
  left  the  country  in  a  severe  monetary  crisis  throughout  1994,  keeping 
  inflation  low  but  leaving  workers  and  pensioners  unpaid  for  months  at 
  a  time.  The  government  has  announced  plans  to  introduce  its  own 
  currency  in  1995  to  help  resolve  the  problem. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $8.5  billion  (1994 
  estimate  as  extrapolated  from  World  Bank  estimate  for  1992) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  -12%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $1,415  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  NA% 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  1.5%  includes  only  officially  registered 
  unemployed;  also  large  numbers  of  underemployed  workers  and 
  unregistered  unemployed  people  (September  1994) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $NA 
  expenditures:  $NA,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
 
  Exports:  $320  million  to  outside  the  FSU  countries  (1994) 
  commodities:  cotton,  aluminum,  fruits,  vegetable  oil,  textiles 
  partners:  Russia,  Kazakhstan,  Ukraine,  Uzbekistan,  Turkmenistan 
 
  Imports:  $318  million  from  outside  the  FSU  countries  (1994) 
  commodities:  fuel,  chemicals,  machinery  and  transport  equipment, 
  textiles,  foodstuffs 
  partners:  Russia,  Uzbekistan,  Kazakhstan 
 
  External  debt:  $NA 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  -31%  (1994) 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  3,800,000  kW 
  production:  17  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  2,800  kWh  (1994) 
 
  Industries:  aluminum,  zinc,  lead,  chemicals  and  fertilizers,  cement, 
  vegetable  oil,  metal-cutting  machine  tools,  refrigerators  and  freezers 
 
  Agriculture:  cotton,  grain,  fruits,  grapes,  vegetables;  cattle,  sheep 
  and  goats 
 
  Illicit  drugs:  illicit  cultivation  of  cannabis  and  opium  poppy;  mostly 
  for  CIS  consumption;  used  as  transshipment  points  for  illicit  drugs 
  from  Southwest  Asia  to  Western  Europe  and  North  America 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  recipient:  Russia  and  Uzbekistan  reportedly  provided  substantial 
  general  assistance  throughout  1993  and  1994;  Western  aid  and  credits 
  promised  through  the  end  of  1993  were  $700  million  but  disbursements 
  were  only  $104  million;  large  scale  development  loans  await  IMF 
  approval  of  a  reform  and  stabilization  plan 
 
  Currency:  1  ruble  R  =  100  kopeks;  Tajikistan  uses  the  Russian  ruble 
  as  its  currency  by  agreement  with  Russia;  government  has  plans  to 
  introduce  its  own  currency,  the  Tajik  ruble,  in  1995 
 
  Exchange  rates:  NA 
 
  Fiscal  year:  calendar  year 
 
  Tajikistan:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  480  km  in  common  carrier  service;  does  not  include  industrial 
  lines  (1990) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  29,900  km 
  paved:  21,400  km 
  unpaved:  earth  8,500  km  (1990) 
 
  Pipelines:  natural  gas  400  km  (1992) 
 
  Ports:  none 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  59 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  1 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  5 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  7 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  1 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  9 
  with  unpaved  runways  under  914  m:  36 
 
  Tajikistan:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  303,000  telephones  (December  1991);  about  55 
  telephones/1,000  persons  (1991);  poorly  developed  and  not  well 
  maintained;  many  towns  are  not  reached  by  the  national  network 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  cable  and  microwave  radio  relay 
  international:  linked  by  cable  and  microwave  to  other  CIS  republics, 
  and  by  leased  connections  to  the  Moscow  international  gateway  switch; 
  Dushanbe  linked  by  INTELSAT  to  international  gateway  switch  in  Ankara; 
  1  Orbita  and  2  INTELSAT  earth  stations 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  NA  FM  NA  shortwave  NA 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  NA 
  televisions:  NA 
  note:  1  INTELSAT  earth  station  provides  TV  receive-only  service  from 
  Turkey 
 
  Tajikistan:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Army  (being  formed),  National  Guard,  Security  Forces 
  (internal  and  border  troops) 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  1,410,229;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  1,153,638;  males  reach  military  age  (18)  annually 
  57,942  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  $NA,  NA%  of  GDP 
 
 
 




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