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ukrainemore about ukraine

ukraine


  2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Ukraine 
  n  :  a  republic  in  southeastern  Europe;  formerly  a  European 
  Soviet  [syn:  {Ukraine},  {Ukrayina}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Ukraine 
 
  Ukraine:Geography 
 
  Location:  Eastern  Europe,  bordering  the  Black  Sea,  between  Poland  and 
  Russia 
 
  Map  references:  Commonwealth  of  Independent  States  -  European  States 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  603,700  sq  km 
  land  area:  603,700  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  smaller  than  Texas 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  4,558  km  Belarus  891  km  Hungary  103  km 
  Moldova  939  km  Poland  428  km  Romania  (southwest)  169  km  Romania 
  (west)  362  km  Russia  1,576  km  Slovakia  90  km 
 
  Coastline:  2,782  km 
 
  Maritime  claims: 
  continental  shelf:  200-m  or  to  the  depth  of  exploitation 
  exclusive  economic  zone:  undefined 
  territorial  sea:  12  nm 
 
  International  disputes:  certain  territory  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine  - 
  including  Bessarabia  and  Northern  Bukovina  -  are  considered  by 
  Bucharest  as  historically  a  part  of  Romania;  this  territory  was 
  incorporated  into  the  former  Soviet  Union  following  the 
  Molotov-Ribbentrop  Pact  in  1940;  potential  dispute  with  Russia  over 
  Crimea;  has  made  no  territorial  claim  in  Antarctica  (but  has  reserved 
  the  right  to  do  so)  and  does  not  recognize  the  claims  of  any  other 
  nation 
 
  Climate:  temperate  continental;  Mediterranean  only  on  the  southern 
  Crimean  coast;  precipitation  disproportionately  distributed,  highest 
  in  west  and  north,  lesser  in  east  and  southeast;  winters  vary  from 
  cool  along  the  Black  Sea  to  cold  farther  inland;  summers  are  warm 
  across  the  greater  part  of  the  country,  hot  in  the  south 
 
  Terrain:  most  of  Ukraine  consists  of  fertile  plains  (steppes)  and 
  plateaux,  mountains  being  found  only  in  the  west  (the  Carpathians), 
  and  in  the  Crimean  Peninsula  in  the  extreme  south 
 
  Natural  resources:  iron  ore,  coal,  manganese,  natural  gas,  oil,  salt, 
  sulphur,  graphite,  titanium,  magnesium,  kaolin,  nickel,  mercury, 
  timber 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  56% 
  permanent  crops:  2% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  12% 
  forest  and  woodland:  0% 
  other:  30% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  26,000  sq  km  (1990) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  inadequate  supplies  of  potable  water;  air  and  water 
  pollution;  deforestation;  radiation  contamination  in  the  northeast 
  from  1986  accident  at  Chornobyl'  Nuclear  Power  Plant 
  natural  hazards:  NA 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Air  Pollution,  Air 
  Pollution-Nitrogen  Oxides,  Air  Pollution-Sulphur  85,  Antarctic  Treaty, 
  Environmental  Modification,  Marine  Dumping,  Nuclear  Test  Ban,  Ozone 
  Layer  Protection,  Ship  Pollution;  signed,  but  not  ratified  -  Air 
  Pollution-Sulphur  94,  Air  Pollution-Volatile  Organic  Compounds, 
  Biodiversity,  Climate  Change,  Law  of  the  Sea 
 
  Note:  strategic  position  at  the  crossroads  between  Europe  and  Asia; 
  second  largest  country  in  Europe 
 
  Ukraine:People 
 
  Population:  51,867,828  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  21%  (female  5,217,850;  male  5,407,450) 
  15-64  years:  65%  (female  17,563,924;  male  16,334,299) 
  65  years  and  over:  14%  (female  4,976,893;  male  2,367,412)  (July  1995 
  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  0.04%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  12.31  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  12.67  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  0.71  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  20.5  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  70.11  years 
  male:  65.59  years 
  female:  74.87  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  1.81  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Ukrainian(s) 
  adjective:  Ukrainian 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Ukrainian  73%,  Russian  22%,  Jewish  1%,  other  4% 
 
  Religions:  Ukrainian  Orthodox  -  Moscow  Patriarchate,  Ukrainian 
  Orthodox  -  Kiev  Patriarchate,  Ukrainian  Autocephalous  Orthodox, 
  Ukrainian  Catholic  (Uniate),  Protestant,  Jewish 
 
  Languages:  Ukrainian,  Russian,  Romanian,  Polish,  Hungarian 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1989) 
  total  population:  98% 
  male:  100% 
  female:  97% 
 
  Labor  force:  23.55  million  (January  1994) 
  by  occupation:  industry  and  construction  33%,  agriculture  and  forestry 
  21%,  health,  education,  and  culture  16%,  trade  and  distribution  7%, 
  transport  and  communication  7%,  other  16%  (1992) 
 
  Ukraine:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  none 
  conventional  short  form:  Ukraine 
  local  long  form:  none 
  local  short  form:  Ukrayina 
  former:  Ukrainian  Soviet  Socialist  Republic 
 
  Digraph:  UP 
 
  Type:  republic 
 
  Capital:  Kiev  Kyyiv 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  24  oblasti  (singular  -  oblast'),  1 
  autonomous  republic*  (avtomnaya  respublika),  and  2  municipalites 
  (mista,  singular  -  misto)  with  oblast  status**;  Cherkas'ka  (Cherkasy), 
  Chernihivs'ka  (Chernihiv),  Chernivets'ka  (Chernivtsi), 
  Dnipropetrovs'ka  (Dnipropetrovs'k),  Donets'ka  (Donets'k), 
  Ivano-Frankivs'ka  (Ivano-Frankivs'k),  Kharkivs'ka  (Kharkiv), 
  Khersons'ka  (Kherson),  Khmel'nyts'ka  (Khmel'nyts'kyy),  Kirovohrads'ka 
  (Kirovohrad),  Kyyiv**,  Kyyivs'ka  (Kiev),  Luhans'ka  (Luhans'k), 
  L'vivs'ka  (L'viv),  Mykolayivs'ka  (Mykolayiv),  Odes'ka  (Odesa), 
  Poltavs'ka  (Poltava),  Respublika  Krym*  (Simferopol'),  Rivnens'ka 
  (Rivne),  Sevastopol'**,  Sums'ka  (Sevastopol'),  Ternopil's'ka 
  (Ternopil'),  Vinnyts'ka  (Vinnytsya),  Volyns'ka  (Luts'k),  Zakarpats'ka 
  (Uzhhorod),  Zaporiz'ka  (Zaporizhzhya),  Zhytomyrs'ka  Zhytomyr 
  note:  names  in  parentheses  are  administrative  centers  when  name 
  differs  from  oblast'  name 
 
  Independence:  1  December  1991  (from  Soviet  Union) 
 
  National  holiday:  Independence  Day  24  August  (1991) 
 
  Constitution:  using  1978  pre-independence  constitution;  new 
  constitution  currently  being  drafted 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  civil  law  system;  no  judicial  review  of 
  legislative  acts 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  President  Leonid  D.  KUCHMA  (since  19  July  1994); 
  election  last  held  26  June  and  10  July  1994  (next  to  be  held  NA  1999); 
  results  -  Leonid  KUCHMA  52.15%,  Leonid  KRAVCHUK  45.06% 
  head  of  government:  Acting  Prime  Minister  Yeuben  MARCHUK  (since  3 
  March  1995);  First  Deputy  Prime  Ministers  Yevhen  MARCHUK  and  Viktor 
  PYNZENYK  (since  31  October  1994)  and  six  deputy  prime  ministers 
  cabinet:  Council  of  Ministers;  appointed  by  the  president  and  approved 
  by  the  Supreme  Council 
  National  Security  Council:  originally  created  in  1992,  but 
  signficantly  revamped  and  strengthened  under  President  KUCHMA  members 
  include  the  president,  prime  minister,  Ministers  of  Finance, 
  Environment,  Justice,  Internal  Affairs,  Foreign  Economic  Relations, 
  Economic  and  Foreign  Affairs;  the  NSC  staff  is  tasked  with  developing 
  national  security  policy  on  domestic  and  international  matters  and 
  advising  the  president 
  Presidential  Administration:  helps  draft  presidential  edicts  and 
  provides  policy  support  to  the  president 
  Council  of  Regions:  advisory  body  created  by  President  KUCHMA  in 
  September  1994;  includes  the  Chairmen  of  Oblast  and  Kiev  and 
  Sevastopol  City  Supreme  Councils 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  Supreme  Council:  elections  last  held  27  March  1994  with  repeat 
  elections  continuing  through  December  1998  to  fill  empty  seats  (next 
  to  be  held  NA);  results  -  percent  of  vote  by  party  NA  seats  -  (450 
  total)  Communists  91,  Rukh  22,  Agrarians  18,  Socialists  15, 
  Republicans  11,  Congress  of  Ukrainian  Nationalists  5,  Labor  5,  Party 
  of  Democratic  Revival  4,  Democrats  2,  Social  Democrats  2,  Civil 
  Congress  2,  Conservative  Republicans  1,  Party  of  Economic  Revival  of 
  Crimea  1,  Christian  Democrats  1,  independents  225;  note  -  405  deputies 
  have  been  elected;  run-off  elections  for  the  remaining  45  seats  to  be 
  held  by  December  1998 
 
  Judicial  branch:  joint  commission  formed  in  April  1995  to  define  a 
  program  of  judicial  reform  by  year-end 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Green  Party  of  Ukraine,  Vitaliy 
  KONONOV  leader;  Liberal  Party  of  Ukraine;  Liberal  Democratic  Party  of 
  Ukraine,  Volodymyr  KLYMCHUK  chairman;  Democratic  Party  of  Ukraine, 
  Volodymyr  Oleksandrovych  YAVORIVSKIY  chairman;  People's  Party  of 
  Ukraine,  Leopol'd  TABURYANSKYY  chairman;  Peasants'  Party  of  Ukraine, 
  Serhiy  DOVHRAN',  chairman;  Party  of  Democratic  Rebirth  (Revival)  of 
  Ukraine,  Volodymyr  FILENKO  chairman;  Social  Democratic  Party  of 
  Ukraine,  Yuriy  VUZDUHAN  chairman;  Socialist  Party  of  Ukraine, 
  Oleksandr  MOROZ,  chairman;  Ukrainian  Christian  Democratic  Party, 
  Vitaliy  ZHURAVSKYY  chairman;  Ukrainian  Conservative  Republican  Party, 
  Stepan  KHMARA  chairman;  Ukrainian  Labor  Party,  Valentyn  LANDYK 
  chairman;  Ukrainian  Party  of  Justice,  Mykhaylo  HRECHKO  chairman; 
  Ukrainian  Peasants'  Democratic  Party,  Serhiy  PLACHINDA  chairman; 
  Ukrainian  Republican  Party,  Mykhaylo  HORYN',  chairman;  Ukrainian 
  National  Conservative  Party,  Viktor  RADIONOV  chairman;  Ukrainian 
  People's  Movement  for  Restructuring  (Rukh),  Vyacheslav  CHORNOVIL 
  chairman;  Ukrainian  Communist  Party,  Petr  SYMONENKO  Agrarian  Party; 
  Congress  of  Ukrainian  Nationalists,  S.  STESTKO  Civil  Congress,  O. 
  BAZYLUK  Party  of  Economic  Revival  of  Crimea;  Democratic  Party  Of 
  Ukraine,  Serhiy  DOVMAN',  chairman 
 
  Other  political  or  pressure  groups:  New  Ukraine  (Nova  Ukrayina); 
  Congress  of  National  Democratic  Forces 
 
  Member  of:  BSEC,  CCC,  CE  (guest),  CEI  (associate  members),  CIS,  EBRD, 
  ECE,  IAEA,  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICRM,  IFC,  ILO,  IMF,  IMO,  INMARSAT  INTELSAT 
  (nonsignatory  user),  INTERPOL,  IOC,  IOM  (observer),  ISO,  ITU,  NACC, 
  OSCE,  PCA,  PFP,  UN  UNCTAD  UNESCO,  UNIDO  UNPROFOR  UPU,  WHO  WIPO, 
  WMO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Yuriy  SHCHERBAK 
  chancery:  3350  M  Street  NW  Washington,  DC  20007 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  333-0606 
  FAX:  [1]  (202)  333-0817 
  consulate(s)  general:  Chicago  and  New  York 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  William  Green  MILLER 
  embassy:  10  Yuria  Kotsyubinskovo  252053  Kiev  53 
  mailing  address:  use  embassy  street  address 
  telephone:  [7]  (044)  244-73-49,  244-37-45 
  FAX:  [7]  (044)  244-73-50 
 
  Flag:  two  equal  horizontal  bands  of  azure  top  and  golden  yellow 
  represent  grainfields  under  a  blue  sky 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  After  Russia,  the  Ukrainian  republic  was  far  and  away  the 
  most  important  economic  component  of  the  former  Soviet  Union, 
  producing  more  than  three  times  the  output  of  the  next-ranking 
  republic.  Its  fertile  black  soil  generated  more  than  one-fourth  of 
  Soviet  agricultural  output,  and  its  farms  provided  substantial 
  quantities  of  meat,  milk,  grain,  and  vegetables  to  other  republics. 
  Likewise,  its  diversified  heavy  industry  supplied  equipment  and  raw 
  materials  to  industrial  and  mining  sites  in  other  regions  of  the 
  former  USSR.  In  early  1992,  the  Ukrainian  government  liberalized  most 
  prices  and  erected  a  legal  framework  for  privatization  but  widespread 
  resistance  to  reform  within  the  government  and  the  legislature  soon 
  stalled  reform  efforts  and  led  to  some  backtracking.  Loose  monetary 
  and  fiscal  policies  pushed  inflation  to  hyperinflationary  levels  in 
  late  1993.  Greater  monetary  and  fiscal  restraint  lowered  inflation  in 
  1994,  but  also  contributed  to  an  accelerated  decline  in  industrial 
  output.  Since  his  election  in  July  1994,  President  KUCHMA  has 
  developed  -  and  parliament  has  approved  -  a  comprehensive  economic 
  reform  program,  maintained  financial  discipline,  and  reduced  state 
  controls  over  prices,  the  exchange  rate,  and  foreign  trade 
  Implementation  of  KUCHMA's  economic  agenda  will  encounter  considerable 
  resistance  from  parliament,  entrenched  bureaucrats,  and  industrial 
  interests  and  will  contribute  to  further  declines  in  output  and  rising 
  unemployment  which  will  sorely  test  the  government's  ability  to  stay 
  the  course  on  reform  in  1995. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $189.2  billion  (1994 
  estimate  as  extrapolated  from  World  Bank  estimate  for  1992) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  -19%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $3,650  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  14%  per  month  (1994) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  0.4%  officially  registered;  large  number  of 
  unregistered  or  underemployed  workers 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $NA 
  expenditures:  $NA,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
 
  Exports:  $11.8  billion  (1994) 
  commodities:  coal,  electric  power,  ferrous  and  nonferrous  metals, 
  chemicals,  machinery  and  transport  equipment,  grain,  meat 
  partners:  FSU  countries,  China,  Italy,  Switzerland 
 
  Imports:  $14.2  billion  (1994) 
  commodities:  energy,  machinery  and  parts  transportation  equipment, 
  chemicals,  textiles 
  partners:  FSU  countries,  Germany,  Poland,  Czech  Republic 
 
  External  debt:  $7.5  billion  (yearend  1994) 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  -28%  (1994  est.);  accounts  for  50% 
  of  GDP 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  54,380,000  kW 
  production:  182  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  3,200  kWh  (1994) 
 
  Industries:  coal,  electric  power,  ferrous  and  nonferrous  metals, 
  machinery  and  transport  equipment,  chemicals,  food-processing 
  (especially  sugar) 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  about  25%  of  GDP;  grain,  vegetables,  meat, 
  milk,  sugar  beets 
 
  Illicit  drugs:  illicit  cultivator  of  cannabis  and  opium  poppy;  mostly 
  for  CIS  consumption;  limited  government  eradication  program;  used  as 
  transshipment  point  for  illicit  drugs  to  Western  Europe 
 
  Economic  aid:  $550  million  economic  aid  and  $350  million  to  help 
  disassemble  the  atomic  weapons  from  the  US  in  1994 
 
  Currency:  Ukraine  withdrew  the  Russian  ruble  from  circulation  on  12 
  November  1992  and  declared  the  karbovanets  (plural  karbovantsi)  sole 
  legal  tender  in  Ukrainian  markets;  Ukrainian  officials  claim  this  is 
  an  interim  move  toward  introducing  a  new  currency  -  the  hryvnya  - 
  possibly  in  mid-1995 
 
  Exchange  rates:  karbovantsi  per  1$US  -  107,900  (end  December  1994), 
  130,000  (April  1994) 
 
  Fiscal  year:  calendar  year 
 
  Ukraine:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  23,350  km 
  broad  gauge:  23,350  km  1.524-m  gauge  (8,600  km  electrified) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  273,700  km 
  paved  and  graveled:  236,400  km 
  unpaved:  earth  37,300  km 
 
  Inland  waterways:  1,672  km  perennially  navigable  (Pryp''yat'  and 
  Dnipro  Rivers) 
 
  Pipelines:  crude  oil  2,010  km  petroleum  products  1,920  km  natural 
  gas  7,800  km  (1992) 
 
  Ports:  Berdyans'k,  Illichivs'k,  Izmayil  Kerch,  Kherson  Kiev  (Kyyiv), 
  Mariupol',  Mykolayiv  Odesa,  Pivdenne  Reni 
 
  Merchant  marine: 
  total:  379  ships  (1,000  GRT  or  over)  totaling  3,799,253  GRT/5,071,175 
  DWT 
  ships  by  type:  barge  carrier  7,  bulk  55,  cargo  221,  chemical  tanker  2, 
  container  20,  multifunction  large-load  carrier  1,  oil  tanker  10, 
  passenger  12,  passenger-cargo  5,  railcar  carrier  2,  refrigerated  cargo 
  5,  roll-on/roll-off  cargo  32,  short-sea  passenger  7 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  706 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  14 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  55 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  34 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  3 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  57 
  with  unpaved  runways  over  3,047  m:  7 
  with  unpaved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  7 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  16 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  37 
  with  unpaved  runways  under  914  m:  476 
 
  Ukraine:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  7,886,000  telephone  circuits;  about  151.4  telephone 
  circuits/1,000  persons  (1991);  the  telephone  system  is  inadequate  both 
  for  business  and  for  personal  use  3.56  million  applications  for 
  telephones  had  not  been  satisfied  as  of  January  1991;  electronic  mail 
  services  have  been  established  in  Kiev,  Odesa,  and  Luhans'k  by  Sprint 
  local:  an  NMT-450  analog  cellular  telephone  network  operates  in  Kiev 
  Kyyiv  and  allows  direct  dialing  of  international  calls  through 
  Kiev's  EWSD  digital  exchange 
  intercity:  NA 
  international:  calls  to  other  CIS  countries  are  carried  by  land  line 
  or  microwave;  other  international  calls  to  167  countries  are  carried 
  by  satellite  or  by  the  150  leased  lines  through  the  Moscow  gateway 
  switch;  INTELSAT,  INMARSAT  and  Intersputnik  earth  stations 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  NA  FM  NA  shortwave  NA 
  radios:  15  million 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  NA 
  televisions:  20  million 
 
  Ukraine:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Army,  Navy,  Air  and  Air  Defense  Forces,  Republic  Security 
  Forces  (internal  and  border  troops),  National  Guard 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  12,324,832;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  9,667,642;  males  reach  military  age  (18)  annually 
  359,546  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  544.3  billion  karbovantsi  less  than  4%  of  GDP 
  (forecast  for  1993);  note  -  conversion  of  defense  expenditures  into  US 
  dollars  using  the  current  exchange  rate  could  produce  misleading 
  results 
 
 
 




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