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moldovamore about moldova

moldova


  2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Moldova 
  n  :  a  landlocked  republic  in  eastern  Europe;  formerly  a  European 
  Soviet  [syn:  {Moldova},  {Moldavia}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Moldova 
 
  Moldova:Geography 
 
  Location:  Eastern  Europe,  northeast  of  Romania 
 
  Map  references:  Commonwealth  of  Independent  States  -  European  States 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  33,700  sq  km 
  land  area:  33,700  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  more  than  twice  the  size  of  Hawaii 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  1,389  km  Romania  450  km  Ukraine  939  km 
 
  Coastline:  0  km  (landlocked) 
 
  Maritime  claims:  none;  landlocked 
 
  International  disputes:  certain  territory  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine  - 
  including  Bessarabia  and  Northern  Bukovina  -  are  considered  by 
  Bucharest  as  historically  a  part  of  Romania;  this  territory  was 
  incorporated  into  the  former  Soviet  Union  following  the 
  Molotov-Ribbentrop  Pact  in  1940 
 
  Climate:  moderate  winters,  warm  summers 
 
  Terrain:  rolling  steppe,  gradual  slope  south  to  Black  Sea 
 
  Natural  resources:  lignite,  phosphorites,  gypsum 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  50% 
  permanent  crops:  13% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  9% 
  forest  and  woodland:  0% 
  other:  28% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  2,920  sq  km  (1990) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  heavy  use  of  agricultural  chemicals,  including  banned 
  pesticides  such  as  DDT,  has  contaminated  soil  and  groundwater 
  extensive  soil  erosion  from  poor  farming  methods 
  natural  hazards:  NA 
  international  agreements:  signed,  but  not  ratified  -  Biodiversity, 
  Climate  Change 
 
  Note:  landlocked 
 
  Moldova:People 
 
  Population:  4,489,657  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  27%  (female  588,155;  male  609,372) 
  15-64  years:  64%  (female  1,487,170;  male  1,386,293) 
  65  years  and  over:  9%  (female  258,958;  male  159,709)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  0.36%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  15.93  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  10.05  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  -2.25  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  29.8  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  68.22  years 
  male:  64.81  years 
  female:  71.8  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  2.16  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Moldovan(s) 
  adjective:  Moldovan 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  Moldavian/Romanian  64.5%,  Ukrainian  13.8%,  Russian 
  13%,  Gagauz  3.5%,  Jewish  1.5%,  Bulgarian  2%,  other  1.7%  (1989  figures) 
 
  note:  internal  disputes  with  ethnic  Russians  and  Ukrainians  in  the 
  Dniester  region  and  Gagauz  Turks  in  the  south 
 
  Religions:  Eastern  Orthodox  98.5%,  Jewish  1.5%,  Baptist  (only  about 
  1,000  members)  (1991) 
  note:  the  large  majority  of  churchgoers  are  ethnic  Moldavian 
 
  Languages:  Moldovan  (official;  virtually  the  same  as  the  Romanian 
  language),  Russian,  Gagauz  (a  Turkish  dialect) 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1989) 
  total  population:  96% 
  male:  99% 
  female:  94% 
 
  Labor  force:  2.03  million  (January  1994) 
  by  occupation:  agriculture  34.4%,  industry  20.1%,  other  45.5%  (1985 
  figures) 
 
  Moldova:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Republic  of  Moldova 
  conventional  short  form:  Moldova 
  local  long  form:  Republica  Moldova 
  local  short  form:  none 
  former:  Soviet  Socialist  Republic  of  Moldova;  Moldavia 
 
  Digraph:  MD 
 
  Type:  republic 
 
  Capital:  Chisinau 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  previously  divided  into  40  rayons;  new 
  districts  possible  under  new  constitution  in  1994 
 
  Independence:  27  August  1991  (from  Soviet  Union) 
 
  National  holiday:  Independence  Day  27  August  1991 
 
  Constitution:  new  constitution  adopted  NA  July  1994;  replaces  old 
  Soviet  constitution  of  1979 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  civil  law  system;  no  judicial  review  of 
  legislative  acts  does  not  accept  compulsory  ICJ  jurisdiction  but 
  accepts  many  UN  and  OSCE  documents 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  President  Mircea  SNEGUR  (since  3  September  1990); 
  election  last  held  8  December  1991  (next  to  be  held  NA  1996);  results 
  -  Mircea  SNEGUR  ran  unopposed  and  won  98.17%  of  vote;  note  -  President 
  SNEGUR  was  named  executive  president  by  the  Supreme  Soviet  on  3 
  September  1990  and  was  confirmed  by  popular  election  on  8  December 
  1991 
  head  of  government:  Prime  Minister  Andrei  SANGHELI  (since  1  July  1992; 
  reappointed  5  April  1994  after  elections  for  new  legislature);  First 
  Deputy  Prime  Minister  Ion  GUTU  (since  NA) 
  cabinet:  Council  of  Ministers;  appointed  by  the  president  on 
  recommendation  of  the  prime  minister 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  Parliament:  elections  last  held  27  February  1994  (next  to  be  held  NA 
  1999);  results  -  percent  by  party  NA  seats  -  (104  total) 
  Agrarian-Democratic  Party  56,  Socialist/Yedinstvo  Bloc  28,  Peasants 
  and  Intellectual  Bloc  11,  Christian  Democratic  Popular  Front  9 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  Court 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Christian  Democratic  Popular  Front 
  (formerly  Moldovan  Popular  Front),  Iurie  ROSCA,  chairman;  Yedinstvo 
  Intermovement  Vladimir  SOLONARI  chairman;  Social  Democratic  Party, 
  Oazu  NANTOI  chairman,  two  other  chairmen;  Agrarian-Democratic  Party, 
  Dumitru  MOTPAN  chairman;  Democratic  Party,  Gheorghe  GHIMPU  chairman; 
  Democratic  Labor  Party,  Alexandru  ARSENI,  chairman;  Reform  Party, 
  Anatol  SELARU;  Republican  Party,  Victor  PUSCAS  Socialist  Party, 
  Valeriu  SENIC,  cochairman  Communist  Party,  Vladimir  VORONIN 
  cochairman  Peasants  and  Intellectuals  Bloc 
 
  Other  political  or  pressure  groups:  United  Council  of  Labor 
  Collectives  (UCLC),  Igor  SMIRNOV  chairman;  Congress  of  Intellectuals, 
  Alexandru  MOSANU;  The  Ecology  Movement  of  Moldova  (EMM),  G.  MALARCHUK 
  chairman;  The  Christian  Democratic  League  of  Women  of  Moldova  (CDLWM), 
  L.  LARI,  chairman;  National  Christian  Party  of  Moldova  (NCPM),  D. 
  TODIKE  M.  BARAGA,  V.  NIKU,  leaders;  The  Peoples  Movement  Gagauz 
  Khalky  (GKh),  S.  GULGAR,  leader;  The  Democratic  Party  of  Gagauzia 
  (DPG),  G.  SAVOSTIN  chairman;  The  Alliance  of  Working  People  of 
  Moldova  (AWPM),  G.  POLOGOV  president;  Christian  Alliance  for  Greater 
  Romania;  Stefan  the  Great  Movement;  Liberal  Convention  of  Moldova; 
  Association  of  Victims  of  Repression;  Christian  Democratic  Youth 
  League 
 
  Member  of:  BSEC,  CE  (guest),  CIS,  EBRD,  ECE,  IBRD,  ICAO,  IDA,  ILO, 
  IMF,  INTELSAT  (nonsignatory  user),  INTERPOL,  IOC,  IOM  (observer),  ITU, 
  NACC,  OSCE,  PFP,  UN  UNCTAD  UNESCO,  UNIDO  UPU,  WHO  WIPO,  WTO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Nicolae  TAU 
  chancery:  Suites  329,  333,  1511  K  Street  NW  Washington,  DC  20005 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  783-3012 
  FAX:  [1]  (202)  783-3342 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Mary  C.  PENDLETON 
  embassy:  Strada  Alexei  Mateevich  #103,  Chisinau 
  mailing  address:  use  embassy  street  address 
  telephone:  [373]  (2)  23-37-72 
  FAX:  [373]  (2)  23-30-44 
 
  Flag:  same  color  scheme  as  Romania  -  3  equal  vertical  bands  of  blue 
  (hoist  side),  yellow,  and  red;  emblem  in  center  of  flag  is  of  a  Roman 
  eagle  of  gold  outlined  in  black  with  a  red  beak  and  talons  carrying  a 
  yellow  cross  in  its  beak  and  a  green  olive  branch  in  its  right  talons 
  and  a  yellow  scepter  in  its  left  talons;  on  its  breast  is  a  shield 
  divided  horizontally  red  over  blue  with  a  stylized  ox  head,  star, 
  rose,  and  crescent  all  in  black-outlined  yellow 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Moldova  enjoys  a  favorable  climate  and  good  farmland  but  has 
  no  major  mineral  deposits.  As  a  result,  Moldova's  economy  is  primarily 
  based  on  agriculture,  featuring  fruits,  vegetables,  wine,  and  tobacco. 
  Moldova  must  import  all  of  its  supplies  of  oil,  coal,  and  natural  gas, 
  and  energy  shortages  have  contributed  to  sharp  production  declines 
  since  the  breakup  of  the  Soviet  Union  in  1991.  The  Moldovan  government 
  is  making  steady  progress  on  an  ambitious  economic  reform  agenda,  and 
  the  IMF  has  called  Moldova  a  model  for  the  region.  As  part  of  its 
  reform  efforts,  Chisinau  has  introduced  a  stable  currency,  freed  all 
  prices,  stopped  issuing  preferential  credits  to  state  enterprises  and 
  backed  their  steady  privatization  removed  export  controls,  and  freed 
  interest  rates.  Chisinau  appears  strongly  committed  to  continuing 
  these  reforms  in  1995.  Meanwhile,  privatization  of  medium  and  large 
  enterprises  got  underway  in  mid-1994  and  is  expected  to  pick  up  speed 
  in  1995.  To  improve  its  precarious  energy  situation,  Chisinau  reached 
  an  agreement  with  Moscow  in  December  1994  on  gas  deliveries  for  1995. 
  Gazprom  Russia's  national  gas  company,  has  agreed  to  reduce  prices 
  for  natural  gas  deliveries  to  Moldova  from  the  world  market  price  of 
  $80/thousand  cubic  meters  (tcm)  to  $58/tcm  in  return  for  part 
  ownership  of  the  Moldovan  pipeline  system. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $11.9  billion  (1994 
  estimate  as  extrapolated  from  World  Bank  estimate  for  1992) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  -30%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $2,670  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  7.6%  per  month  (1994) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  1%  (includes  only  officially  registered  unemployed; 
  large  numbers  of  underemployed  workers) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $NA 
  expenditures:  $NA,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
  note:  budget  deficit  for  1993  approximately  6%  of  GDP 
 
  Exports:  $144  million  to  outside  the  FSU  countries  (1994);  over  70%  of 
  exports  go  to  FSU  countries 
  commodities:  foodstuffs,  wine,  tobacco,  textiles  and  footwear, 
  machinery,  chemicals  (1991) 
  partners:  Russia,  Kazakhstan,  Ukraine,  Romania,  Germany 
 
  Imports:  $174  million  from  outside  the  FSU  countries  (1994);  over  70% 
  of  imports  are  from  FSU  countries 
  commodities:  oil,  gas,  coal,  steel,  machinery,  foodstuffs, 
  automobiles,  and  other  consumer  durables 
  partners:  Russia,  Ukraine,  Uzbekistan,  Romania,  Germany 
 
  External  debt:  $300  million  (as  of  11  December  1994) 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  -30%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  3,000,000  kW 
  production:  8.2  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  1,830  kWh  (1994) 
 
  Industries:  key  products  are  canned  food,  agricultural  machinery, 
  foundry  equipment,  refrigerators  and  freezers,  washing  machines, 
  hosiery,  refined  sugar,  vegetable  oil,  shoes,  textiles 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  about  40%  of  GDP;  Moldova's  principal 
  economic  activity;  products  are  vegetables,  fruits,  wine,  grain,  sugar 
  beets,  sunflower  seed,  meat,  milk,  tobacco 
 
  Illicit  drugs:  illicit  cultivator  of  opium  poppy  and  cannabis;  mostly 
  for  CIS  consumption;  transshipment  point  for  illicit  drugs  to  Western 
  Europe 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  recipient:  joint  EC-US  loan  (1993),  $127  million;  IMF  STF  credit 
  (1993),  $64  million;  IMF  stand-by  loan  (1993),  $72  million;  US 
  commitments  (1992-93),  $61  million  in  humanitarian  aid,  $11  million  in 
  technical  assistance;  World  Bank  loan  (1993),  $60  million;  Russia 
  (1993),  50  billion  ruble  credit;  Romania  (1993),  20  billion  lei  credit 
 
  Currency:  the  leu  (plural  lei)  was  introduced  in  late  1993 
 
  Exchange  rates:  lei  per  US$1  -  4.277  (22  December  1994) 
 
  Fiscal  year:  calendar  year 
 
  Moldova:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  1,150  km  in  common  carrier  service;  does  not  include  industrial 
  lines 
  broad  gauge:  1,150  km  1.520-m  gauge  (1990) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  20,000  km 
  paved  or  graveled:  13,900  km 
  unpaved:  earth  6,100  km  (1990) 
 
  Pipelines:  natural  gas  310  km  (1992) 
 
  Ports:  none 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  26 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  1 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  2 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  2 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  3 
  with  unpaved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  3 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  2 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  5 
  with  unpaved  runways  under  914  m:  8 
 
  Moldova:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  577,000  telephones;  134  telephones/1,000  persons; 
  telecommunication  system  not  well  developed;  215,000  unsatisfied 
  requests  for  telephone  service  (1991) 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  NA 
  international:  international  connections  to  the  other  former  Soviet 
  republics  by  land  line  and  microwave  radio  relay  through  Ukraine,  and 
  to  other  countries  by  leased  connections  to  the  Moscow  international 
  gateway  switch;  1  EUTELSAT  and  1  INTELSAT  earth  station 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  NA  FM  NA  shortwave  NA 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  NA 
  televisions:  NA 
 
  Moldova:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Ground  Forces,  Air  and  Air  Defense  Forces,  Republic  Security 
  Forces  (internal  and  border  troops) 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  1,116,912;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  881,642;  males  reach  military  age  (18)  annually 
  35,447  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  $NA,  2%  of  GDP  (1994) 
 
 
 




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