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spirit |
4 definitions found From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Spirit \Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L. spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf {Conspire}, {Expire}, {Esprit}, {Sprite}.] 1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence sometimes life itself [Obs.] ``All of spirit would deprive.'' --Spenser. The mild air, with season moderate, Gently attempered, and disposed eo well That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit. --Spenser. 2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.] Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it --B. Jonson 3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter. 4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material. There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii 8. As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also --James ii 26. Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving do subsist. --Locke. 5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it --Eccl. xii. 7. Ye gentle spirits far away With whom we shared the cup of grace. --Keble. 6. Any supernatural being good or bad an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also sometimes a sprite,; a fairy; an elf. Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark. --Locke. 7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc ``Write it then, quickly,'' replied Bede; and summoning all his spirits together, like the last blaze of a candle going out he indited it and expired. --Fuller. 8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit. Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges. --Dryden. 9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits. God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down --South. A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the same spirit that its author writ. --Pope. 10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like 11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities. All bodies have spirits . . . within them --Bacon. 12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural. 13. pl Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors. 14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf {Tincture}. --U. S. Disp. 15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some orpiment). The four spirits and the bodies seven --Chaucer. 16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under {Stannic}. Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words forming compounds, generally of obvious signification; as spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc {Astral spirits}, {Familiar spirits}, etc See under {Astral}, {Familiar}, etc {Animal spirits}. a (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the {nervous fluid}, or {nervous principle}. b Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness; sportiveness. {Ardent spirits}, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum, whisky, etc., obtained by distillation. {Holy Spirit}, or {The Spirit} (Theol.), the Spirit of God, or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the Divine Spirit. {Proof spirit}. (Chem.) See under {Proof}. {Rectified spirit} (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more concentrated by redistillation so as to increase the percentage of absolute alcohol. {Spirit butterfly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the genus {Ithomia}. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute of scales. {Spirit duck}. (Zo["o]l.) a The buffle-headed duck. b The golden-eye. {Spirit lamp} (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated spirit is burned. {Spirit level}. See under {Level}. {Spirit of hartshorn}. (Old Chem.) See under {Hartshorn}. {Spirit of Mindererus} (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of Augsburg {Spirit of nitrous ether} (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc Called also {sweet spirit of niter}. {Spirit of salt} (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.] {Spirit of sense}, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.] --Shak. {Spirits}, or {Spirit}, {of turpentine} (Chem.), rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. See {Camphine}. {Spirit of vitriol} (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of green vitriol. [Obs.] {Spirit of vitriolic ether} (Chem.) ether; -- often but incorrectly called {sulphuric ether}. See {Ether}. [Obs.] {Spirits}, or {Spirit}, {of wine} (Chem.), alcohol; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of wine. {Spirit rapper}, one who practices spirit rapping; a ``medium'' so called {Spirit rapping}, an alleged form of communication with the spirits of the dead by raps. See {Spiritualism}, 3. {Sweet spirit of niter}. See {Spirit of nitrous ether}, above. From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: Spirit \Spir"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spirited}; p. pr & vb n. {Spiriting}.] 1. To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit; as civil dissensions often spirit the ambition of private men; -- sometimes followed by up Many officers and private men spirit up and assist those obstinate people to continue in their rebellion. --Swift. 2. To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away or off The ministry had him spirited away and carried abroad as a dangerous person. --Arbuthnot & Pope. I felt as if I had been spirited into some castle of antiquity. --Willis. {Spiriting away} (Law), causing to leave the offense of inducing a witness to leave a jurisdiction so as to evade process requiring attendance at trial. From WordNet r 1.6 [wn]: spirit n 1: the vital principle or animating force within living things 2: the general atmosphere of a place or situation; "the feel of the city excited him"; "a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting"; "it had the smell of treason" [syn: {tone}, {feel}, {feeling}, {flavor}, {look}, {smell}] 3: a fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character 4: any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings 5: the state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection); "his emotional state depended on her opinion"; "he was in good spirits"; "his spirit rose" [syn: {emotional state}] 6: the intended meaning of a communication [syn: {intent}, {purport}] 7: animation and energy in action or expression; "it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it" [syn: {liveliness}, {life}, {sprightliness}] 8: an inclination or tendency of a certain kind "he had a change of heart" [syn: {heart}] v : infuse with spirit; "The company spirited him up" [syn: {spirit up}, {inspirit}] From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: Spirit (Heb. ruah; Gr pneuma), properly wind or breath. In 2 Thess. 2:8 it means "breath," and in Eccl. 8:8 the vital principle in man. It also denotes the rational, immortal soul by which man is distinguished (Acts 7:59; 1 Cor. 5:5; 6:20; 7:34), and the soul in its separate state (Heb. 12:23), and hence also an apparition (Job 4:15; Luke 24:37, 39), an angel (Heb. 1:14), and a demon (Luke 4:36; 10:20). This word is used also metaphorically as denoting a tendency (Zech. 12:10; Luke 13:11). In Rom. 1:4, 1 Tim. 3:16, 2 Cor. 3:17, 1 Pet. 3:18, it designates the divine nature.
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