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sudanmore about sudan

sudan


  3  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Sudan 
  n  1:  a  republic  in  northeastern  Africa  [syn:  {Sudan},  {Soudan},  {Republic 
  of  the  Sudan}] 
  2:  a  region  of  North  Africa  south  of  the  Sahara  and  Libyan 
  deserts;  extends  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Red  Sea  [syn:  {Sudan}, 
  {Soudan}] 
 
  From  U.S.  Gazetteer  (1990)  [gazetteer]: 
 
  Sudan,  TX  (city,  FIPS  70772) 
  Location:  34.06752  N,  102.52486  W 
  Population  (1990):  983  (458  housing  units) 
  Area:  2.3  sq  km  (land),  0.0  sq  km  (water) 
  Zip  code(s):  79371 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Sudan 
 
  Sudan:Geography 
 
  Location:  Northern  Africa,  bordering  the  Red  Sea,  between  Egypt  and 
  Eritrea 
 
  Map  references:  Africa 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  2,505,810  sq  km 
  land  area:  2.376  million  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  more  than  one-quarter  the  size  of  the  US 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  7,687  km  Central  African  Republic  1,165  km 
  Chad  1,360  km  Egypt  1,273  km  Eritrea  605  km  Ethiopia  1,606  km 
  Kenya  232  km  Libya  383  km  Uganda  435  km  Zaire  628  km 
 
  Coastline:  853  km 
 
  Maritime  claims: 
  contiguous  zone:  18  nm 
  continental  shelf:  200-m  depth  or  to  the  depth  of  exploitation 
  territorial  sea:  12  nm 
 
  International  disputes:  administrative  boundary  with  Kenya  does  not 
  coincide  with  international  boundary;  administrative  boundary  with 
  Egypt  does  not  coincide  with  international  boundary  creating  the 
  "Hala'ib  Triangle,"  a  barren  area  of  20,580  sq  km  tensions  over  this 
  disputed  area  began  to  escalate  in  1992  and  remain  high 
 
  Climate:  tropical  in  south;  arid  desert  in  north;  rainy  season  (April 
  to  October) 
 
  Terrain:  generally  flat,  featureless  plain;  mountains  in  east  and  west 
 
  Natural  resources:  small  reserves  of  petroleum,  iron  ore,  copper, 
  chromium  ore,  zinc,  tungsten,  mica,  silver,  gold 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  5% 
  permanent  crops:  0% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  24% 
  forest  and  woodland:  20% 
  other:  51% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  18,900  sq  km  (1989  est.) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  inadequate  supplies  of  potable  water;  wildlife 
  populations  threatened  by  excessive  hunting;  soil  erosion; 
  desertification 
  natural  hazards:  dust  storms 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Climate  Change,  Endangered 
  Species,  Law  of  the  Sea,  Nuclear  Test  Ban,  Ozone  Layer  Protection; 
  signed,  but  not  ratified  -  Biodiversity,  Desertification 
 
  Note:  largest  country  in  Africa;  dominated  by  the  Nile  and  its 
  tributaries 
 
  Sudan:People 
 
  Population:  30,120,420  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  46%  (female  6,801,001;  male  7,124,892) 
  15-64  years:  52%  (female  7,706,864;  male  7,830,980) 
  65  years  and  over:  2%  (female  280,297;  male  376,386)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  2.35%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  41.29  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  11.74  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  NA  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
  note:  the  flow  of  refugees  from  the  civil  war  in  Sudan  into 
  neighboring  countries  continues,  often  at  the  rate  of  tens  of 
  thousands  annually;  Uganda  was  the  main  recipient  of  Sudanese  refugees 
  in  the  past  year;  repatriation  of  Eritrean  and  Ethiopean  refugees  in 
  Sudan  continues 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  77.7  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  54.71  years 
  male:  53.81  years 
  female:  55.65  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  6  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Sudanese  (singular  and  plural) 
  adjective:  Sudanese 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  black  52%,  Arab  39%,  Beja  6%,  foreigners  2%,  other 
  1% 
 
  Religions:  Sunni  Muslim  70%  (in  north),  indigenous  beliefs  25%, 
  Christian  5%  (mostly  in  south  and  Khartoum) 
 
  Languages:  Arabic  (official),  Nubian,  Ta  Bedawie  diverse  dialects  of 
  Nilotic,  Nilo-Hamitic,  Sudanic  languages,  English 
  note:  program  of  Arabization  in  process 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1983) 
  total  population:  32% 
  male:  44% 
  female:  21% 
 
  Labor  force:  6.5  million 
  by  occupation:  agriculture  80%,  industry  and  commerce  10%,  government 
  6% 
  note:  labor  shortages  for  almost  all  categories  of  skilled  employment 
  (1983  est.) 
 
  Sudan:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Republic  of  the  Sudan 
  conventional  short  form:  Sudan 
  local  long  form:  Jumhuriyat  as-Sudan 
  local  short  form:  As-Sudan 
  former:  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 
 
  Digraph:  SU 
 
  Type:  ruling  military  junta  -  Revolutionary  Command  Council  (RCC)  - 
  dissolved  on  16  October  1993  and  government  civilianized 
 
  Capital:  Khartoum 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  9  states  (wilayat,  singular  -  wilayat  or 
  wilayah*);  A'ali  an  Nil,  Al  Wusta*,  Al  Istiwa'iyah*,  Al  Khartum,  Ash 
  Shamaliyah*,  Ash  Sharqiyah*,  Bahr  al  Ghazal,  Darfur,  Kurdufan 
  note:  on  14  February  1994,  the  9  states  comprising  Sudan  were  divided 
  into  26  new  states;  the  new  state  boundary  alignments  are  undetermined 
 
  Independence:  1  January  1956  (from  Egypt  and  UK) 
 
  National  holiday:  Independence  Day  1  January  (1956) 
 
  Constitution:  12  April  1973,  suspended  following  coup  of  6  April  1985; 
  interim  constitution  of  10  October  1985  suspended  following  coup  of  30 
  June  1989 
 
  Legal  system:  based  on  English  common  law  and  Islamic  law;  as  of  20 
  January  1991,  the  now  defunct  Revolutionary  Command  Council  imposed 
  Islamic  law  in  the  northern  states;  the  council  is  still  studying 
  criminal  provisions  under  Islamic  law;  Islamic  law  applies  to  all 
  residents  of  the  northern  states  regardless  of  their  religion;  some 
  separate  religious  courts;  accepts  compulsory  ICJ  jurisdiction,  with 
  reservations 
 
  Suffrage:  none 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  Chief  of  State  and  Head  of  Government:  President  Lt  General  Umar 
  Hasan  Ahmad  al-BASHIR  (since  16  October  1993);  prior  to  16  October 
  1993,  BASHIR  served  concurrently  as  Chief  of  State,  Chairman  of  the 
  RCC,  Prime  Minister,  and  Minister  of  Defence  (since  30  June  1989); 
  First  Vice  President  Major  General  al-Zubayr  Muhammad  SALIH  (since  19 
  October  1993);  Second  Vice  President  (Police)  Maj.  General  George 
  KONGOR  (since  NA  February  1994);  note  -  upon  its  dissolution  on  16 
  October  1993,  the  RCC's  executive  and  legislative  powers  were  devolved 
  to  the  President  and  the  Transitional  National  Assembly  (TNA),  Sudan's 
  appointed  legislative  body 
  cabinet:  Cabinet;  appointed  by  the  president;  note  -  on  30  October 
  1993,  President  BASHIR  announced  a  new  predominantly  civilian 
  cabinet,  consisting  of  20  federal  ministers,  most  of  whom  retained 
  their  previous  cabinet  positions;  on  9  February  1995,  he  abolished 
  three  ministries  and  redivided  their  portfolios  to  create  several  new 
  ministries;  these  changes  increased  National  Islamic  Front  presence  at 
  the  ministerial  level  and  consolidated  its  control  over  the  Ministry 
  of  Foreign  Affairs;  President  BASHIR's  government  is  dominated  by 
  members  of  Sudan's  National  Islamic  Front,  a  fundamentalist  political 
  organization  formed  from  the  Muslim  Brotherhood  in  1986;  front  leader 
  Hasan  al-TURABI  controls  Khartoum's  overall  domestic  and  foreign 
  policies 
 
  Legislative  branch:  appointed  300-member  Transitional  National 
  Assembly;  officially  assumes  all  legislative  authority  for  Sudan  until 
  the  proposed  1995  resumption  of  national  elections 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  Court,  Special  Revolutionary  Courts 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  none;  banned  following  30  June  1989 
  coup 
 
  Other  political  or  pressure  groups:  National  Islamic  Front,  Hasan 
  al-TURABI 
 
  Member  of:  ABEDA,  ACP,  AfDB  AFESD  AL  AMF,  CAEU,  CCC,  ECA,  FAO, 
  G-77,  IAEA,  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICRM,  IDA,  IDB,  IFAD,  IFC,  IGADD,  ILO,  IMF, 
  IMO,  INTELSAT,  INTERPOL,  IOC,  ITU,  NAM,  OAU,  OIC,  PCA,  UN  UNCTAD 
  UNESCO,  UNHCR  UNIDO  UNU,  UPU,  WFTU  WHO  WIPO,  WMO,  WTO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Ahmad  SULAYMAN 
  chancery:  2210  Massachusetts  Avenue  NW  Washington,  DC  20008 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  338-8565  through  8570 
  FAX:  [1]  (202)  667-2406 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Donald  K.  PETTERSON 
  embassy:  Shar'ia  Ali  Abdul  Latif,  Khartoum 
  mailing  address:  P.  O.  Box  699,  Khartoum;  APO  AE  09829 
  telephone:  74700,  74611  (operator  assistance  required) 
  FAX:  Telex  22619  AMEMSD 
 
  Flag:  three  equal  horizontal  bands  of  red  (top),  white,  and  black  with 
  a  green  isosceles  triangle  based  on  the  hoist  side 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Sudan  is  buffeted  by  civil  war,  chronic  political 
  instability,  adverse  weather,  high  inflation,  a  drop  in  remittances 
  from  abroad,  and  counterproductive  economic  policies.  Governmental 
  entities  account  for  more  than  70%  of  new  investment.  The  private 
  sector's  main  areas  of  activity  are  agriculture  and  trading,  with  most 
  private  industrial  investment  predating  1980.  Agriculture  employs  80% 
  of  the  work  force.  Industry  mainly  processes  agricultural  items. 
  Sluggish  economic  performance  over  the  past  decade,  attributable 
  largely  to  declining  annual  rainfall,  has  reduced  levels  of  per  capita 
  income  and  consumption.  A  large  foreign  debt  and  huge  arrearages 
  continue  to  cause  difficulties.  In  1990  the  International  Monetary 
  Fund  took  the  unusual  step  of  declaring  Sudan  noncooperative  because 
  of  its  nonpayment  of  arrearages  to  the  Fund.  After  Sudan  backtracked 
  on  promised  reforms  in  1992-93,  the  IMF  threatened  to  expel  Sudan  from 
  the  Fund.  To  avoid  expulsion,  Khartoum  agreed  to  make  payments  on  its 
  arrears  to  the  Fund,  liberalize  exchange  rates,  and  reduce  subsidies. 
  These  measures  have  been  partially  implemented.  The  government's 
  continued  prosecution  of  the  civil  war  and  its  growing  international 
  isolation  led  to  a  further  deterioration  of  the  nonagricultural 
  sectors  of  the  economy  during  1994.  Agriculture,  on  the  other  hand, 
  after  several  disappointing  years,  enjoyed  a  bumper  fall  harvest  in 
  1994;  its  strong  performance  produced  an  overall  growth  rate  in  GDP  of 
  perhaps  7%. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $23.7  billion  (1994 
  est.) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  7%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $870  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  112%  (FY93/94  est.) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  30%  (FY92/93  est.) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $493  million 
  expenditures:  $1.1  billion,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $225 
  million  (1994  est.) 
 
  Exports:  $419  million  (f.o.b.,  FY93/94) 
  commodities:  gum  arabic  29%,  livestock/meat  24%,  cotton  13%,  sesame, 
  peanuts 
  partners:  Western  Europe  46%,  Saudi  Arabia  14%,  Eastern  Europe  9%, 
  Japan  9%,  US  3%  (FY87/88) 
 
  Imports:  $1.7  billion  (c.i.f.,  FY93/94) 
  commodities:  foodstuffs,  petroleum  products,  manufactured  goods, 
  machinery  and  equipment,  medicines  and  chemicals,  textiles 
  partners:  Western  Europe  32%,  Africa  and  Asia  15%,  US  13%,  Eastern 
  Europe  3%  (FY87/88) 
 
  External  debt:  $17  billion  (June  1993  est.) 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  6.8%  (FY92/93  est.);  accounts  for 
  11%  of  GDP 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  500,000  kW 
  production:  1.3  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  42  kWh  (1993) 
 
  Industries:  cotton  ginning,  textiles,  cement,  edible  oils,  sugar,  soap 
  distilling,  shoes,  petroleum  refining 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  35%  of  GDP;  major  products  -  cotton, 
  oilseeds,  sorghum,  millet,  wheat,  gum  arabic,  sheep;  marginally 
  self-sufficient  in  most  foods 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  recipient:  US  commitments,  including  Ex-Im  (FY70-89),  $1.5  billion; 
  Western  (non-US)  countries,  ODA  and  OOF  bilateral  commitments 
  (1970-89),  $5.1  billion;  OPEC  bilateral  aid  (1979-89),  $3.1  billion; 
  Communist  countries  (1970-89),  $588  million 
 
  Currency:  1  Sudanese  pound  (#Sd)  =  100  piastres 
 
  Exchange  rates:  official  rate  -  Sudanese  pounds  (#Sd)  per  US$1  -  434.8 
  (January  1995),  277.8  (1994),  153.8  (1993),  69.4  (1992),  5.4288 
  (1991),  4.5004  (1990);  note  -  the  commercial  rate  is  300  Sudanese 
  pounds  per  US$1 
 
  Fiscal  year:  1  July  -  30  June 
 
  Sudan:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  5,516  km 
  narrow  gauge:  4,800  km  1.067-m  gauge;  716  km  1.6096-m  gauge  plantation 
  line 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  20,703  km 
  paved:  bituminous  treated  2,000  km 
  unpaved:  gravel  4,000  km  improved  earth  2,304  km  unimproved  earth 
  12,399  km 
 
  Inland  waterways:  5,310  km  navigable 
 
  Pipelines:  refined  products  815  km 
 
  Ports:  Juba,  Khartoum,  Kusti  Malakal  Nimule,  Port  Sudan,  Sawakin 
 
  Merchant  marine: 
  total:  5  ships  (1,000  GRT  or  over)  totaling  43,024  GRT/122,379  DWT 
  ships  by  type:  cargo  3,  roll-on/roll-off  cargo  2 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  70 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  1 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  5 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  3 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  13 
  with  unpaved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  1 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  14 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  33 
 
  Sudan:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  NA  telephones;  large  well-equipped  system  by 
  African  standards,  but  barely  adequate  and  poorly  maintained  by  modern 
  standards 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  consists  of  microwave  radio  relay,  cable,  radio 
  communications,  troposcatter  and  a  domestic  satellite  system  with  14 
  stations 
  international:  1  INTELSAT  (Atlantic  Ocean)  and  1  ARABSAT  earth  station 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  11,  FM  0,  shortwave  0 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  3 
  televisions:  NA 
 
  Sudan:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Army,  Navy,  Air  Force,  Popular  Defense  Force  Militia 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  6,806,588;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  4,185,206;  males  reach  military  age  (18)  annually 
  313,958  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  exchange  rate  conversion  -  $600  million,  7.3%  of 
  GDP  (FY93/94  est.) 
 
 
 




more about sudan