2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Zimbabwe 
  n  :  a  landlocked  republic  in  south  central  Africa  formerly 
  called  Rhodesia  [syn:  {Zimbabwe},  {Rhodesia},  {Southern 
  Rhodesia}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Zimbabwe 
 
  Zimbabwe:Geography 
 
  Location:  Southern  Africa,  northeast  of  Botswana 
 
  Map  references:  Africa 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  390,580  sq  km 
  land  area:  386,670  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  larger  than  Montana 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  3,066  km  Botswana  813  km  Mozambique  1,231  km 
  South  Africa  225  km  Zambia  797  km 
 
  Coastline:  0  km  (landlocked) 
 
  Maritime  claims:  none;  landlocked 
 
  International  disputes:  quadripoint  with  Botswana,  Namibia,  and  Zambia 
  is  in  disagreement 
 
  Climate:  tropical;  moderated  by  altitude;  rainy  season  (November  to 
  March) 
 
  Terrain:  mostly  high  plateau  with  higher  central  plateau  (high  veld); 
  mountains  in  east 
 
  Natural  resources:  coal,  chromium  ore,  asbestos,  gold,  nickel,  copper, 
  iron  ore,  vanadium,  lithium,  tin,  platinum  group  metals 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  7.25% 
  permanent  crops:  0.25%  (coffee  is  a  permanent  crop) 
  meadows  and  pastures:  12.5% 
  forest  and  woodland:  49% 
  other:  31% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  2,250  sq  km  (1993  est.) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  deforestation;  soil  erosion;  land  degradation;  air  and 
  water  pollution;  the  black  rhinoceros  herd  -  once  the  largest 
  concentration  of  the  species  in  the  world  -  has  been  significantly 
  reduced  by  poaching 
  natural  hazards:  recurring  droughts;  floods  and  severe  storms  are  rare 
 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Biodiversity,  Climate  Change, 
  Endangered  Species,  Law  of  the  Sea,  Ozone  Layer  Protection;  signed, 
  but  not  ratified  -  Desertification 
 
  Note:  landlocked 
 
  Zimbabwe:People 
 
  Population:  11,139,961  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  47%  (female  2,588,193;  male  2,617,485) 
  15-64  years:  51%  (female  2,915,697;  male  2,723,511) 
  65  years  and  over:  2%  (female  151,635;  male  143,440)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  1.78%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  36.35  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  18.54  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  NA  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
  note:  following  the  settlement  of  hostilities  in  Mozambique  in  1992, 
  refugees  from  the  fighting  there  began  to  return  to  their  homes;  this 
  process  continues  at  a  lesser  rate  in  1995;  there  is  a  small  but 
  steady  flow  of  Zimbabweans  into  South  Africa  in  search  of  better  paid 
  employment 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  72.7  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  41.35  years 
  male:  39.73  years 
  female:  43.01  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  4.93  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Zimbabwean(s) 
  adjective:  Zimbabwean 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  African  98%  (Shona  71%,  Ndebele  16%,  other  11%), 
  white  1%,  mixed  and  Asian  1% 
 
  Religions:  syncretic  (part  Christian,  part  indigenous  beliefs)  50%, 
  Christian  25%,  indigenous  beliefs  24%,  Muslim  and  other  1% 
 
  Languages:  English  (official),  Shona,  Sindebele 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1982) 
  total  population:  78% 
  male:  84% 
  female:  72% 
 
  Labor  force:  3.1  million 
  by  occupation:  agriculture  74%,  transport  and  services  16%,  mining, 
  manufacturing,  construction  10%  (1987) 
 
  Zimbabwe:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Republic  of  Zimbabwe 
  conventional  short  form:  Zimbabwe 
  former:  Southern  Rhodesia 
 
  Digraph:  ZI 
 
  Type:  parliamentary  democracy 
 
  Capital:  Harare 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  8  provinces;  Manicaland  Mashonaland 
  Central,  Mashonaland  East,  Mashonaland  West,  Masvingo  (Victoria), 
  Matabeleland  North,  Matabeleland  South,  Midlands 
 
  Independence:  18  April  1980  (from  UK) 
 
  National  holiday:  Independence  Day  18  April  (1980) 
 
  Constitution:  21  December  1979 
 
  Legal  system:  mixture  of  Roman-Dutch  and  English  common  law 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state  and  head  of  government:  Executive  President  Robert 
  Gabriel  MUGABE  (since  31  December  1987);  Co-Vice  President  Simon 
  Vengai  MUZENDA  (since  31  December  1987);  Co-Vice  President  Joshua  M. 
  NKOMO  (since  6  August  1990);  election  last  held  28-30  March  1990  (next 
  to  be  held  NA  March  1996);  results  -  Robert  MUGABE  78.3%,  Edgar  TEKERE 
  21.7% 
  cabinet:  Cabinet;  appointed  by  the  president;  responsible  to 
  Parliament 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  Parliament:  elections  last  held  8-9  April  1995  (next  to  be  held  NA 
  March  2000);  results  -  percent  of  vote  by  party  NA  seats  -  (150 
  total,  120  elected)  ZANU-PF  118,  ZANU-S  2 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  Court 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Zimbabwe  African  National 
  Union-Patriotic  Front  (ZANU-PF),  Robert  MUGABE  Zimbabwe  African 
  National  Union-Sithole  (ZANU-S),  Ndabaningi  SITHOLE;  Zimbabwe  Unity 
  Movement  (ZUM),  Edgar  TEKERE;  Democratic  Party  (DP),  Emmanuel  MAGOCHE 
  Forum  Party  of  Zimbabwe,  Enock  DUMBUTSHENA  United  Parties,  Abel 
  MUZOREWA 
 
  Member  of:  ACP,  AfDB  C,  CCC,  ECA,  FAO,  FLS,  G-15,  G-77,  GATT,  IAEA, 
  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICFTU  ICRM,  IDA,  IFAD,  IFC,  IFRCS  ILO,  IMF,  INTELSAT, 
  INTERPOL,  IOC,  IOM  (observer),  ISO,  ITU,  NAM,  OAU,  PCA,  SADC,  UN 
  UNAMIR  UNAVEM  II  UNCTAD  UNESCO,  UNIDO  UNOMUR  UNOSOM  UPU,  WCL, 
  WHO  WIPO,  WMO,  WTO 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Amos  Bernard  Muvengwa  MIDZI 
  chancery:  1608  New  Hampshire  Avenue  NW  Washington,  DC  20009 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  332-7100 
  FAX:  [1]  (202)  483-9326 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Johnny  CARSON 
  embassy:  172  Herbert  Chitepo  Avenue,  Harare 
  mailing  address:  P.  O.  Box  3340,  Harare 
  telephone:  [263]  (4)  794521 
  FAX:  [263]  (4)  796488 
 
  Flag:  seven  equal  horizontal  bands  of  green,  yellow,  red,  black,  red, 
  yellow,  and  green  with  a  white  equilateral  triangle  edged  in  black 
  based  on  the  hoist  side  a  yellow  Zimbabwe  bird  is  superimposed  on  a 
  red  five-pointed  star  in  the  center  of  the  triangle 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Agriculture  employs  three-fourths  of  the  labor  force  and 
  supplies  almost  40%  of  exports.  The  manufacturing  sector,  based  on 
  agriculture  and  mining,  produces  a  variety  of  goods  and  contributes 
  35%  to  GDP.  Mining  accounts  for  only  5%  of  both  GDP  and  employment, 
  but  minerals  and  metals  account  for  about  40%  of  exports.  Severe 
  drought  caused  GDP  to  drop  8%  in  1992,  with  growth  rebounding  to  2%  in 
  1993  and  3.5%  in  1994.  Despite  the  lingering  effects  of  the  drought  on 
  economic  and  social  conditions,  the  government  is  continuing  to  push 
  its  IMF/World  Bank  structural  adjustment  program  aimed  at  encouraging 
  exports  and  foreign  investment. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $17.4  billion  (1994 
  est.) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  3.5%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $1,580  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  22%  (December  1994  est.) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  at  least  45%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $1.7  billion 
  expenditures:  $2.2  billion,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $253 
  million  (FY92/93) 
 
  Exports:  $1.8  billion  (f.o.b.,  1994  est.) 
  commodities:  agricultural  35%  (tobacco  30%,  other  5%),  manufactures 
  25%,  gold  12%,  ferrochrome  10%,  textiles  8%  (1992) 
  partners:  UK  14%,  Germany  11%,  South  Africa  10%,  Japan  7%,  US  5% 
  (1991) 
 
  Imports:  $1.8  billion  (c.i.f.,  1992  est.) 
  commodities:  machinery  and  transportation  equipment  41%,  other 
  manufactures  23%,  chemicals  16%,  fuels  12%  (1991) 
  partners:  South  Africa  25%,  UK  15%,  Germany  9%,  US  6%,  Japan  5%  (1991) 
 
  External  debt:  $3.5  billion  (December  1992  est.) 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  2.3%  (1992);  accounts  for  35%  of 
  GDP 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  2,040,000  kW 
  production:  9  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  913  kWh  (1993) 
 
  Industries:  mining,  steel,  clothing  and  footwear,  chemicals, 
  foodstuffs,  fertilizer,  beverage,  transportation  equipment,  wood 
  products 
 
  Agriculture:  accounts  for  20%  of  GDP;  40%  of  land  area  divided  into 
  4,500  large  commercial  farms  and  42%  in  communal  lands;  crops  -  corn 
  (food  staple),  cotton,  tobacco,  wheat,  coffee,  sugarcane,  peanuts; 
  livestock  -  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  pigs;  self-sufficient  in  food 
 
  Economic  aid:  NA 
 
  Currency:  1  Zimbabwean  dollar  (Z$)  =  100  cents 
 
  Exchange  rates:  Zimbabwean  dollars  (Z$)  per  US$1  -  8.3752  (January 
  1995),  8.1500  (1994),  6.4725  (1993),  5.1046  (1992),  3.4282  (1991), 
  2.4480  (1990) 
 
  Fiscal  year:  1  July  -  30  June 
 
  Zimbabwe:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  2,745  km 
  narrow  gauge:  2,745  km  1.067-m  gauge  (355  km  electrified;  42  km  double 
  track) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  85,237  km 
  paved:  15,800  km 
  unpaved:  crushed  stone,  gravel,  stabilized  earth  39,090  km  improved 
  earth  23,097  km  unimproved  earth  7,250  km 
 
  Inland  waterways:  Lake  Kariba  is  a  potential  line  of  communication 
 
  Pipelines:  petroleum  products  212  km 
 
  Ports:  Binga,  Kariba 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  471 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  3 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  2 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  6 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  13 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  222 
  with  unpaved  runways  1,524  to  2,438  m:  2 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  223 
 
  Zimbabwe:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  247,000  telephones;  system  was  once  one  of  the  best 
  in  Africa,  but  now  suffers  from  poor  maintenance 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  consists  of  microwave  links,  open-wire  lines,  and  radio 
  communications  stations 
  international:  1  INTELSAT  (Atlantic  Ocean)  earth  station 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  8,  FM  18,  shortwave  0 
  radios:  NA 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  8 
  televisions:  NA 
 
  Zimbabwe:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Zimbabwe  National  Army,  Air  Force  of  Zimbabwe,  Zimbabwe 
  Republic  Police  (includes  Police  Support  Unit,  Paramilitary  Police) 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  2,435,931;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  1,514,068  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  exchange  rate  conversion  -  $175  million,  3.1%  of 
  GDP  (FY94/95) 
 
 
 

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