2  definitions  found 
 
  From  WordNet  r  1.6  [wn]: 
 
  Sweden 
  n  :  a  Scandinavian  kingdom  in  eastern  Scandinavia  [syn:  {Sweden}, 
  {Sverige}] 
 
  From  The  CIA  World  Factbook  (1995)  [world95]: 
 
  Sweden 
 
  Sweden:Geography 
 
  Location:  Northern  Europe,  bordering  the  Baltic  Sea,  Gulf  of  Bothnia, 
  and  Skagerrak  between  Finland  and  Norway 
 
  Map  references:  Europe 
 
  Area: 
  total  area:  449,964  sq  km 
  land  area:  410,928  sq  km 
  comparative  area:  slightly  smaller  than  California 
 
  Land  boundaries:  total  2,205  km  Finland  586  km  Norway  1,619  km 
 
  Coastline:  3,218  km 
 
  Maritime  claims: 
  continental  shelf:  200-m  depth  or  to  the  depth  of  exploitation 
  exclusive  economic  zone:  agreed  boundaries  or  midlines 
  territorial  sea:  12  nm 
 
  International  disputes:  none 
 
  Climate:  temperate  in  south  with  cold,  cloudy  winters  and  cool,  partly 
  cloudy  summers;  subarctic  in  north 
 
  Terrain:  mostly  flat  or  gently  rolling  lowlands;  mountains  in  west 
 
  Natural  resources:  zinc,  iron  ore,  lead,  copper,  silver,  timber, 
  uranium,  hydropower  potential 
 
  Land  use: 
  arable  land:  7% 
  permanent  crops:  0% 
  meadows  and  pastures:  2% 
  forest  and  woodland:  64% 
  other:  27% 
 
  Irrigated  land:  1,120  sq  km  (1989  est.) 
 
  Environment: 
  current  issues:  acid  rain  damaging  soils  and  lakes;  pollution  of  the 
  North  Sea  and  the  Baltic  Sea 
  natural  hazards:  ice  floes  in  the  surrounding  waters,  especially  in 
  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  can  interfere  with  maritime  traffic 
  international  agreements:  party  to  -  Air  Pollution,  Air 
  Pollution-Nitrogen  Oxides,  Air  Pollution-Sulphur  85,  Air 
  Pollution-Volatile  Organic  Compounds,  Antarctic-Environmental 
  Protocol,  Antarctic  Treaty,  Biodiversity,  Climate  Change,  Endangered 
  Species,  Environmental  Modification,  Hazardous  Wastes,  Marine  Dumping, 
  Nuclear  Test  Ban,  Ozone  Layer  Protection,  Ship  Pollution,  Tropical 
  Timber  83,  Wetlands,  Whaling;  signed,  but  not  ratified  -  Air 
  Pollution-Sulphur  94,  Desertification  Law  of  the  Sea 
 
  Note:  strategic  location  along  Danish  Straits  linking  Baltic  and  North 
  Seas 
 
  Sweden:People 
 
  Population:  8,821,759  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Age  structure: 
  0-14  years:  19%  (female  810,859;  male  854,553) 
  15-64  years:  64%  (female  2,761,060;  male  2,856,012) 
  65  years  and  over:  17%  (female  887,597;  male  651,678)  (July  1995  est.) 
 
  Population  growth  rate:  0.46%  (1995  est.) 
 
  Birth  rate:  13.19  births/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Death  rate:  10.84  deaths/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Net  migration  rate:  2.27  migrant(s)/1,000  population  (1995  est.) 
 
  Infant  mortality  rate:  5.6  deaths/1,000  live  births  (1995  est.) 
 
  Life  expectancy  at  birth: 
  total  population:  78.43  years 
  male:  75.64  years 
  female:  81.39  years  (1995  est.) 
 
  Total  fertility  rate:  1.97  children  born/woman  (1995  est.) 
 
  Nationality: 
  noun:  Swede(s) 
  adjective:  Swedish 
 
  Ethnic  divisions:  white,  Lapp  (Sami),  foreign  born  or  first-generation 
  immigrants  12%  (Finns,  Yugoslavs,  Danes,  Norwegians,  Greeks,  Turks) 
 
  Religions:  Evangelical  Lutheran  94%,  Roman  Catholic  1.5%,  Pentecostal 
  1%,  other  3.5%  (1987) 
 
  Languages:  Swedish 
  note:  small  Lapp-  and  Finnish-speaking  minorities;  immigrants  speak 
  native  languages 
 
  Literacy:  age  15  and  over  can  read  and  write  (1991  est.) 
  total  population:  99% 
 
  Labor  force:  4.552  million  (84%  unionized,1992) 
  by  occupation:  community,  social  and  personal  services  38.3%,  mining 
  and  manufacturing  21.2%,  commerce,  hotels,  and  restaurants  14.1%, 
  banking,  insurance  9.0%,  communications  7.2%,  construction  7.0%, 
  agriculture,  fishing,  and  forestry  3.2%  (1991) 
 
  Sweden:Government 
 
  Names: 
  conventional  long  form:  Kingdom  of  Sweden 
  conventional  short  form:  Sweden 
  local  long  form:  Konungariket  Sverige 
  local  short  form:  Sverige 
 
  Digraph:  SW 
 
  Type:  constitutional  monarchy 
 
  Capital:  Stockholm 
 
  Administrative  divisions:  24  provinces  (lan,  singular  and  plural); 
  Alvsborgs  Lan,  Blekinge  Lan,  Gavleborgs  Lan,  Goteborgs  och  Bohus  Lan, 
  Gotlands  Lan,  Hallands  Lan,  Jamtlands  Lan,  Jonkopings  Lan,  Kalmar  Lan, 
  Kopparbergs  Lan,  Kristianstads  Lan,  Kronobergs  Lan,  Malmohus  Lan, 
  Norrbottens  Lan,  Orebro  Lan,  Ostergotlands  Lan,  Skaraborgs  Lan, 
  Sodermanlands  Lan,  Stockholms  Lan,  Uppsala  Lan,  Varmlands  Lan, 
  Vasterbottens  Lan,  Vasternorrlands  Lan,  Vastmanlands  Lan 
 
  Independence:  6  June  1809  (constitutional  monarchy  established) 
 
  National  holiday:  Day  of  the  Swedish  Flag,  6  June 
 
  Constitution:  1  January  1975 
 
  Legal  system:  civil  law  system  influenced  by  customary  law;  accepts 
  compulsory  ICJ  jurisdiction,  with  reservations 
 
  Suffrage:  18  years  of  age;  universal 
 
  Executive  branch: 
  chief  of  state:  King  CARL  XVI  GUSTAF  (since  19  September  1973);  Heir 
  Apparent  Princess  VICTORIA  Ingrid  Alice  Desiree,  daughter  of  the  King 
  (born  14  July  1977) 
  head  of  government:  Prime  Minister  Ingvar  CARLSSON  (since  6  October 
  1994);  Deputy  Prime  Minister  Mona  SAHLIN  (since  6  October  1994) 
  cabinet:  Cabinet;  appointed  by  the  prime  minister 
 
  Legislative  branch:  unicameral 
  Parliament  (Riksdag):  elections  last  held  18  September  1994  (next  to 
  be  held  NA  September  1998);  results  -  Social  Democrats  45.4%,  Moderate 
  Party  (Conservatives)  22.3%,  Center  Party  7.7%,  Liberals  7.2%,  Left 
  Party  6.2%,  Greens  5.8%,  Christian  Democrats  4.1%,  New  Democracy  Party 
  1.2%;  seats  -  (349  total)  Social  Democrats  162,  Moderate  Party 
  (Conservatives)  80,  Center  Party  27,  Liberals  26,  Left  Party  22, 
  Greens  18,  Christian  Democrats  14;  note  -  the  New  Democracy  Party  did 
  not  receive  a  seat  because  parties  require  a  minimum  of  4.8%  of  votes 
  for  a  seat  in  parliament 
 
  Judicial  branch:  Supreme  Court  (Hogsta  Domstolen) 
 
  Political  parties  and  leaders:  Social  Democratic  Party,  Ingvar 
  CARLSSON  Moderate  Party  (conservative),  Carl  BILDT  Liberal  People's 
  Party,  Maria  LEISSNER  Center  Party,  Olof  JOHANSSON  Christian 
  Democratic  Party,  Alf  SVENSSON  New  Democracy  Party,  Vivianne  FRANZEN 
  Left  Party  (VP;  Communist),  Gudrun  SCHYMAN  Communist  Workers'  Party, 
  Rolf  HAGEL;  Green  Party,  no  formal  leader  but  party  spokesperson  is 
  Birger  SHLAUG 
 
  Member  of:  AfDB  AG  (observer),  AsDB  Australia  Group  BIS,  CBSS,  CCC, 
  CE  CERN,  EBRD,  ECE,  EFTA,  ESA,  EU  FAO,  G-  6,  G-  8,  G-  9,  G-10,  GATT, 
  IADB,  IAEA,  IBRD,  ICAO,  ICC,  ICFTU  ICRM,  IDA,  IEA,  IFAD,  IFC,  IFRCS 
  ILO,  IMF,  IMO,  INMARSAT  INTELSAT,  INTERPOL,  IOC,  IOM,  ISO,  ITU,  MTCR, 
  NAM  (guest),  NC  NEA,  NIB,  NSG,  OECD  ONUSAL  OSCE,  PCA,  PFP,  UN 
  UNAVEM  II  UNCTAD  UNESCO,  UNHCR  UNIDO  UNIKOM  UNITAR,  UNMOGIP 
  UNOMIG  UNOMOZ  UNPROFOR  UNTSO  UPU,  WFTU  WHO  WIPO,  WMO,  ZC 
 
  Diplomatic  representation  in  US: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Carl  Henrik  Sihver  LILJEGREN 
  chancery:  1501  M  Street  NW  Washington,  DC  20005 
  telephone:  [1]  (202)  467-2600 
  FAX:  [1]  (202)  467-2699 
  consulate(s)  general:  Los  Angeles  and  New  York 
 
  US  diplomatic  representation: 
  chief  of  mission:  Ambassador  Thomas  L.  SIEBERT 
  embassy:  Strandvagen  101,  S-115  89  Stockholm 
  mailing  address:  use  embassy  street  address 
  telephone:  [46]  (8)  783  53  00 
  FAX:  [46]  (8)  661  19  64 
 
  Flag:  blue  with  a  yellow  cross  that  extends  to  the  edges  of  the  flag; 
  the  vertical  part  of  the  cross  is  shifted  to  the  hoist  side  in  the 
  style  of  the  Dannebrog  (Danish  flag) 
 
  Economy 
 
  Overview:  Aided  by  a  long  period  of  peace  and  neutrality  during  World 
  War  I  through  World  War  II  Sweden  has  achieved  an  enviable  standard 
  of  living  under  a  mixed  system  of  high-tech  capitalism  and  extensive 
  welfare  benefits.  It  has  a  modern  distribution  system,  excellent 
  internal  and  external  communications,  and  a  skilled  labor  force. 
  Timber,  hydropower  and  iron  ore  constitute  the  resource  base  of  an 
  economy  that  is  heavily  oriented  toward  foreign  trade  Privately  owned 
  firms  account  for  about  90%  of  industrial  output,  of  which  the 
  engineering  sector  accounts  for  50%  of  output  and  exports.  In  1990, 
  agriculture  accounted  for  only  1.2%  of  GDP  and  1.9%  of  the  jobs, 
  Sweden  being  about  50%  sufficient  in  most  products.  In  the  last  few 
  years,  however,  this  extraordinarily  favorable  picture  has  been 
  clouded  by  inflation,  growing  unemployment,  and  a  gradual  loss  of 
  competitiveness  in  international  markets.  Although  Prime  Minister 
  BILDT's  center-right  minority  coalition  had  hoped  to  charge  ahead  with 
  free-market-oriented  reforms,  a  skyrocketing  budget  deficit  -  about 
  14%  of  GDP  in  FY93/94  projections  -  and  record  unemployment  have 
  forestalled  many  of  the  plans.  Unemployment  in  1994  is  estimated  at 
  around  9%  with  another  5%  in  job  training.  Continued  heavy  foreign 
  exchange  speculation  forced  the  government  to  cooperate  in  late  1992 
  with  the  opposition  Social  Democrats  on  two  crisis  packages  -  one  a 
  severe  austerity  pact  and  the  other  a  program  to  spur  industrial 
  competitiveness  -  which  basically  set  economic  policy  through  1997.  In 
  November  1992,  Sweden  broke  its  tie  to  the  EC's  ECU,  and  the  krona  has 
  since  depreciated  about  25%  against  the  dollar.  The  boost  in  export 
  competitiveness  from  the  depreciation  helped  lift  Sweden  out  of  its 
  3-year  recession.  To  curb  the  budget  deficit  and  bolster  confidence  in 
  the  economy,  the  new  Social  Democratic  government  is  proposing  cuts  in 
  welfare  benefits,  subsidies,  defense,  and  foreign  aid.  Sweden  has 
  harmonized  its  economic  policies  with  those  of  the  EU  which  it  joined 
  at  the  start  of  1995. 
 
  National  product:  GDP  -  purchasing  power  parity  -  $163.1  billion  (1994 
  est.) 
 
  National  product  real  growth  rate:  2.4%  (1994  est.) 
 
  National  product  per  capita:  $18,580  (1994  est.) 
 
  Inflation  rate  (consumer  prices):  2.5%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Unemployment  rate:  8.8%  (1994  est.) 
 
  Budget: 
  revenues:  $47.9  billion 
  expenditures:  $70.9  billion,  including  capital  expenditures  of  $NA 
  (FY93/94) 
 
  Exports:  $59.9  billion  (f.o.b.,  1994) 
  commodities:  machinery,  motor  vehicles,  paper  products,  pulp  and  wood, 
  iron  and  steel  products,  chemicals,  petroleum  and  petroleum  products 
  partners:  EC  55.8%  (Germany  15%,  UK  9.7%,  Denmark  7.2%,  France  5.8%), 
  EFTA  17.4%  (Norway  8.4%,  Finland  5.1%),  US  8.2%,  Central  and  Eastern 
  Europe  2.5%  (1992) 
 
  Imports:  $49.6  billion  (c.i.f.,  1994) 
  commodities:  machinery,  petroleum  and  petroleum  products,  chemicals, 
  motor  vehicles,  foodstuffs,  iron  and  steel,  clothing 
  partners:  EC  53.6%  (Germany  17.9%,  UK  6.3%,  Denmark  7.5%,  France 
  4.9%),  EFTA  (Norway  6.6%,  Finland  6%),  US  8.4%,  Central  and  Eastern 
  Europe  3%  (1992) 
 
  External  debt:  $NA 
 
  Industrial  production:  growth  rate  9%  (1994) 
 
  Electricity: 
  capacity:  34,560,000  kW 
  production:  141  billion  kWh 
  consumption  per  capita:  14,891  kWh  (1993) 
 
  Industries:  iron  and  steel,  precision  equipment  (bearings,  radio  and 
  telephone  parts  armaments),  wood  pulp  and  paper  products,  processed 
  foods,  motor  vehicles 
 
  Agriculture:  animal  husbandry  predominates,  with  milk  and  dairy 
  products  accounting  for  37%  of  farm  income;  main  crops  -  grains,  sugar 
  beets,  potatoes;  100%  self-sufficient  in  grains  and  potatoes;  Sweden 
  is  about  50%  self-sufficient  in  most  products 
 
  Illicit  drugs:  transshipment  point  for  narcotics  shipped  via  the  CIS 
  and  Baltic  states  for  the  European  market 
 
  Economic  aid: 
  donor:  ODA  and  OOF  commitments  (1970-89),  $10.3  billion 
 
  Currency:  1  Swedish  krona  (SKr)  =  100  oere 
 
  Exchange  rates:  Swedish  kronor  (SKr)  per  US$1  -  7.4675  (January  1995), 
  7.7160  (1994),  7.7834  (1993),  5.8238  (1992),  6.0475  (1991)  5.9188 
  (1990) 
 
  Fiscal  year:  1  July  -  30  June 
 
  Sweden:Transportation 
 
  Railroads: 
  total:  12,000  km  (includes  953  km  of  privately  owned  railways) 
  standard  gauge:  10,742  km  1.435-m  gauge  (7,502  km  electrified  and 
  1,152  km  double  track);  8  km  1.435-m  gauge  (electrified;  privately 
  owned) 
  narrow  gauge:  61  km  0.891-m  gauge  (electrified;  privately  owned) 
  other:  1,189  km  NA-m  gauge  (1994) 
 
  Highways: 
  total:  135,859  km 
  paved:  97,818  km  (including  936  km  of  expressways) 
  unpaved:  gravel  38,041  km  (1991) 
 
  Inland  waterways:  2,052  km  navigable  for  small  steamers  and  barges 
 
  Pipelines:  natural  gas  84  km 
 
  Ports:  Gavle,  Goteborg,  Halmstad,  Helsingborg  Hudiksvall  Kalmar, 
  Karlshamn  Malmo,  Solvesborg  Stockholm,  Sundsvall 
 
  Merchant  marine: 
  total:  157  ships  (1,000  GRT  or  over)  totaling  1,872,350  GRT/2,075,722 
  DWT 
  ships  by  type:  bulk  10,  cargo  24,  chemical  tanker  25,  combination 
  ore/oil  1,  container  2,  oil  tanker  31,  railcar  carrier  2,  refrigerated 
  cargo  1,  roll-on/roll-off  cargo  37,  short-sea  passenger  8,  specialized 
  tanker  4,  vehicle  carrier  12 
 
  Airports: 
  total:  253 
  with  paved  runways  over  3,047  m:  2 
  with  paved  runways  2,438  to  3,047  m:  8 
  with  paved  runways  1,524  to  2,437  m:  84 
  with  paved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  26 
  with  paved  runways  under  914  m:  129 
  with  unpaved  runways  914  to  1,523  m:  4 
 
  Sweden:Communications 
 
  Telephone  system:  8,200,000  telephones;  excellent  domestic  and 
  international  facilities;  automatic  system 
  local:  NA 
  intercity:  coaxial  and  multiconductor  cable  carry  most  voice  traffic; 
  parallel  microwave  network  carries  TV  radio,  and  some  additional 
  telephone  channels 
  international:  5  submarine  coaxial  cables;  1  INTELSAT  (Atlantic  Ocean) 
  and  1  EUTELSAT  earth  station 
 
  Radio: 
  broadcast  stations:  AM  5,  FM  360  (mostly  repeaters),  shortwave  0 
  radios:  7  million 
 
  Television: 
  broadcast  stations:  880  (mostly  repeaters) 
  televisions:  3.5  million 
 
  Sweden:Defense  Forces 
 
  Branches:  Swedish  Army,  Royal  Swedish  Navy,  Swedish  Air  Force 
 
  Manpower  availability:  males  age  15-49  2,133,420;  males  fit  for 
  military  service  1,864,258;  males  reach  military  age  (19)  annually 
  52,937  (1995  est.) 
 
  Defense  expenditures:  exchange  rate  conversion  -  $5.4  billion,  2.4%  of 
  GDP  (FY94/95) 
 
 
 

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